<p>The Silas Sherrill House is a historic house at the southwest corner of 4th and Spring Streets in Hardy, Arkansas. It is a 1-1/2 story structure, fashioned out of rough-cut native stone, uncoursed and finished with beaded mortar. It has a side gable roof with knee brackets in the extended gable ends, and brick chimneys with contrasting colors and gabled caps. A gable-roof dormer pierces the front facade roof, with stuccoed wall finish, exposed rafter tails, and knee brackets. The front has a single-story shed-roof porch extending its full width, supported by piers of conglomerated stone, and with a fieldstone balustrade. Built in 1927-28, it is a fine local example of Craftsman architecture executed in stone.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Cheddar Market Cross in the village of Cheddar within the English county of Somerset, England dates from the 15th century. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument,</p><br>
<p>The stone cross, used to mark the village&#39;s market square, has a central octagonal pier surrounded by a hexagonal shelter. It has been restored and rebuilt several times, including twice since 2000 when it has been damaged in traffic accidents.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The market cross in Bath Street dates from the 15th century. In the 16th or 17th century it was enclosed with a hexagonal arch structure. It was rebuilt by Thomas, Marquis of Bath in the 18th century. The shelter was rebuilt and the rafters replaced in 1834. This was around the time of the market cross in nearby Axbridge being demolished and some of the material from that cross may have been used in Cheddar. The cross head was added at some time after 1877.</p><br>
<p>In January 2000, the cross was seriously damaged in a traffic accident. By 2002, the cross had been rebuilt and the area around it was redesigned to protect and enhance its appearance.</p><br>
<p>The cross was badly damaged again in March 2012, when a taxi crashed into it late at night demolishing two sides.</p><br>
<p>Repair work using as much of the original stone as possible, which included the addition of wooden-clad steel posts to protect against future crashes, was completed in November 2012 at a cost of £60,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It has a central octagonal pier, a socket raised on three steps, a hexagonal shelter with six arched four-centred openings, shallow two-stage buttresses at each angle, and an embattled parapet. The shaft is crowned by an abacus with figures in niches, probably from the late 19th century, although the cross is now missing.</p><br>
<p>Hager Mountain is a volcanic peak in Oregon in the northwest corner of the Basin and Range Province in the United States. The mountain is located south of the small unincorporated community of Silver Lake in south-central Oregon, and it is in the Fremont–Winema National Forest. On the summit, there is a fire lookout operated during the summer and fall by the United States Forest Service. There are several hiking trails that lead to the lookout station.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Hager Mountain is located on the edge of Oregons high desert in the northwest corner of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States. The mountain is in Lake County, approximately 10 mi south of the small unincorporated community of Silver Lake. The summit of Hager Mountain is at 7,189 ft. The mountains topographic prominence is 1,455 ft.</p><br>
<p>Hager Mountain is a large silicic lava dome structure that was formed approximately 5.9 million years ago. The mountain&#39;s primary rock is from the Hayes Butte Basalt flows. The eruptions that produced these flows came from a fault zone running southeast–northwest between Hager Mountain and Hayes Butte. The eruptions that created Hager Mountain released lava that flowed down the slopes of the volcanic dome onto plains around the mountain. The Hayes Butte Basalt overlays the Fort Rock Formation and earlier Picture Rock Basalt layers. All of these lava flows occurred during the Pliocene epoch. The Hayes Butte Basalt flows that form Hager occurred near the end of that epoch.</p><br>
<p>When exposed on the surface, Hayes Butte Basalt generally weathers into a thin and rocky soil. Today, Hager Mountain&#39;s soil is a loose, unconsolidated mix of fine alluvial particles, gravel, and a variety of larger rock fragments. Common surface rocks include basalt, andesite, pumice, and obsidian.</p><br>
<h2>Environment and ecology</h2><br>
<p>Hager Mountain lies east of the Cascade Range in the northwestern corner of North America&#39;s basin and range environment. To the west, ponderosa and lodgepole pine forest extends to the timberline on the Cascade peaks, approximately 50 mi away. The areas north and east of the mountain are drier, typical high-desert country.</p><br>
<p>The middle and lower slopes of Hager Mountain are covered in a pine forest with an understory dominated by low sagebrush. Other understory shrubs include curl-leaf mountain mahogany, and antelope bitterbrush. Low groundcover plants include Indian paintbrush, yellow balsamroots, nineleaf biscuitroot, scabland fleabane, woolly sunflower, common yarrow, low pussytoes, and slender phlox. Common grasses on the mountain include Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, wild rye, prairie junegrass. A few western junipers grow on the lower slopes on the northeast side of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Hager Mountain and the surrounding area host a wide variety of wildlife. Larger mammals found in the area include black-tailed deer, elk, coyotes, black bear, bobcats, and cougars. Smaller mammals include American badgers, porcupines, striped skunks, black-tailed jackrabbits, white-tailed jackrabbits, pygmy rabbits, golden-mantled ground squirrels, and least chipmunks.</p><br>
<p>Forest birds common to the Hager Mountain area include mountain chickadee, Lazuli bunting, green-tailed towhee, MacGillivrays warbler, white-crowned sparrow, sage sparrow, black-headed grosbeak, Woodhouses scrub jay, Pinyon jay, and black-billed magpie. There are also at least three woodpecker species that live on or near Hager Mountain, including the black-backed woodpecker, white-headed woodpecker, and Lewis&#39;s woodpecker. Larger birds found in the area include barn owls, great gray owls, great horned owls, red-tailed hawks, turkey vultures, golden eagles, and bald eagles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Klamath people of south-central Oregon called the mountain Chock-chock-lisk-se, meaning "bald faced rock." Some early maps of the area show the mountain as Bald Mountain. However, early settlers called it Hagerhorst Mountain, after a pioneer rancher who lived just north of the mountain in the Silver Lake Valley. Over the years, the name was shortened to Hager.</p><br>
<p>The United States Forest Service built a fire lookout on Hager Mountain and began manning it full-time in 1915. The original lookout was replaced with a new structure in 1954. The current lookout is a 14 ft by 14 ft one-room cabin with large glass windows on all four sides. From it, the forest guard has a 360 degree view of the surrounding landscape. The Forest Service mans the lookout from June through October each year. There is a dirt road leading to the summit. The road is used only by the lookout on duty; it is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>In the summer, recreation opportunities in the Hager Mountain area include hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, bird watching, wildlife viewing, hunting, camping, and photography. In the winter, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing are the most popular activities on Hager Mountain. Weather conditions on the mountain can change rapidly, especially in the winter. As a result, visitors enjoying winter activities need to check weather forecasts before setting out on any of the Hager Mountain trails.</p><br>
<p>There are three day-hike trails that lead to the summit of Hager Mountain, in addition to the Fremont National Recreation Trail. The easiest trail is a 2 mi roundtrip from the road gate on the west side of the mountain. It has an elevation gain of 785 ft and is normally open from June through mid-November. The second trail is a little more challenging. The route covers 3.3 mi each way. The trailhead is located on the northwest side of the mountain, just off Forest Road 012. This trail has an elevation gain of 1,710 ft. The longest trail is an 8 mi roundtrip hike. The trailhead departs from Forest Road 28 near milepost 9 on the east side of the mountain. The elevation gain along this trail is 1,990 ft. The two longer trails merge about halfway to the summit and then link to the Fremont National Recreation Trail a short distance later. The Fremont trail leads to Fremont Point and Winter Rim, approximately 25 mi southeast of the trail junction.</p><br>
<p>From the lookout station on the summit of Hager Mountain, visitors have an excellent view of Cascade peaks to the west as well as the high-desert country of northern Lake County to the north and east. Visitors can see as far north as Mount Hood and as far south as Mount Shasta from Hager&#39;s summit.</p><br>
<p>A Forest Service guard lives on-site at the Hager Mountain lookout during the summer wildfire season. However, the public is able to visit the lookout during this period. After the fire season is over, the lookout can be rented by the public for recreational purposes from November through May. The lookout has a wood stove for heating the building, along with a propane cooking stove and a propane refrigerator. There is a single bed and three sleeping cots. Outside, there is a picnic table and an outhouse with a vault-type toilet. There is no drinking water at the site.</p><br>
<p>Scudders Falls is an area of whitewater rapids along the Delaware River between Ewing, New Jersey and Lower Makefield, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is popular with local whitewater enthusiasts.</p><br>
<p>Scudders Falls derives its name from Richard Betts Scudder, who according to the Long Island Genealogy Surname Database, died in 1754 at "Scudders Falls, Hunterdon County" (Mercer County was part of Hunterdon County until 1838). One of Richard Scudder&#39;s ancestors from Kent, England was named Henry Skudder. The k in the surname apparently became a c at some point in time, helping to give the falls its name. The falls lends its name to the Scudder Falls Bridge, located just downstream, and the Scudders Falls section of Ewing.</p><br>
<p>Blackwoods Campground is located on the east side of Mount Desert Island, off Maine State Route 3 in Acadia National Park. Construction on the site was begun by the Civilian Conservation Corps  in 1935, and reaching its present appearance  around 1961, with the completion of Loop B. The campground has 306 individual campsites, several group campsites, and offers only limited amenities, which include potable water and restrooms, but not showers or electrical hookups. Campsites may be reserved up to six months in advance. The portion of the campground built by the CCC, which includes its core and Loop A, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Acadia National Park is located on Mount Desert Island, just off the coast of central Maine. The island has two large lobes separated by Somes Sound, with the park occupying a large part of the eastern lobe, and a smaller part of the western one. Blackwoods Campground is located at near the southeasternmost point of the eastern lobe, on the western side of Otter Cove, and is accessible via Maine State Route 3.</p><br>
<p>The campground has a winding access road, which runs south and then west from SR 3, leading to the central administration area, with a checkin station and the camps "central court". From there, Loop A is located to the west, while Loop B is located to the north. An amphitheater, used for ranger-led activities, is located between the two loops, and there is a short trail leading from Loop A down toward the shore. The campground is separated from the shore by the parks loop road. Loop A has 160 campsites (although this number has historically varied and is subject to change), and is served by six comfort stations. Loop B has about 140 sites, and is served by 5 comfort stations. The campground&#39;s water is provided from a tank north of Loop B.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Acadia National Park was created in 1916 as the Sieur de Monts National Monument. Master planning for the park in the 1920s included provision for the establishment of campgrounds, reflecting a growing trend in the popularity of camping at that time. Between 1927 and 1932 the park established Beark Brook Campground. Funding for other campgrounds did not arrive until the 1930s, when the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established to provide jobs and to improve the nation&#39;s park infrastructure. Funding for the construction of Blackwoods Campground was secured in 1936. The Blackwoods area, on land given to the park by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was surveyed by a CCC crew and a plan was drafted that included the central court and three loops containing 400 campsites. The design reflected the latest thinking on campground layout, and included provisions for trailer camping, then a relatively recent innovation. Between 1938 and 1942 the CCC built the camp road, the central court, and 100 sites on Loop A. Due to the onset of American participation in World War II, the checkin station was left unfinished.</p><br>
<p>After the war ended, a few comfort stations were added, as was an amphitheater (which was replaced by the present one in 1975). Loop B was built in the 1960s as part of a funding program celebrating the 50th anniversary of the National Park Service. Since then, only modest changes have been made to the campground. Its access road was widened, and a new checkin station was built in 1978 after the old one was destroyed by fire. The number of campsites has fluctuated over the years, as new sites have been added to the existing loops, and extant sites have in some cases been abandoned, and in other cases been combined. The planned third loop has not been built.</p><br>
<p>The Rice-Upshaw House is a historic house in rural Randolph County, Arkansas. It is located on the west side of Arkansas Highway 93, about 2 mi south of Dalton, just north of where the highway crosses Upshaw Creek. Built c. 1826,this log structure is one of the oldest buildings in the state of Arkansas, and one of a handful that predate its statehood. It is 1-1/2 stories in height, with a hall and parlor plan. The exterior is clad in shiplap siding. The walls are constructed of rough-hewn logs, from a variety of wood species, that are fitted together with half dovetails. A fieldstone chimney  rises on the east side of the house. The building underwent some alterations c. 1920, including the addition of a corrugated metal roof , and windows on either side of the chimney. A porch extending on the north side of the building was then closed in, to provide for a bathroom and kitchen. A second porch, on the south side, has also been enclosed.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Lake Landing Historic District is a national historic district located near Lake Landing, Hyde County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 226 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures related to agricultural complexes near Lake Landing. The district includes notable examples of Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Coastal Cottage style architecture dating from about 1785 to the early-20th century. The Dr. William Sparrow octagon house, also known as Inkwell, is listed separately. Other notable buildings include the Fulford-Watson House, Gibbs Family House, Young-Roper-Jarvis House, Joseph Young House, Swindell-Mann-Clarke House, Amity Methodist Church, Chapel Hill Academy, St. George&#39;s Episcopal Church, John Edward Spencer Store, and George Israel Watson House .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Ocracoke Historic District is a national historic district located at Ocracoke, Hyde County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 228 contributing buildings, 15 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures on Ocracoke Island in Ocracoke village. The district includes notable examples of Late Victorian, Shingle Style, Bungalow / American Craftsman, and Coastal Cottage style architecture dating from about 1823 to 1959. A number of the houses were constructed from salvaged ship timbers. Located in the district is the Ocracoke Light Station. Other notable contributing resources include the Simon and Louisa Howard House , the Kugler Cottage , Tolson-Rondthaler House , Simon and Sarah Garrish House , Spencer Bungalow , Benjamin Fulcher House, William Charles Thomas House , Styron Store , Willis Store and Fish House , Coast Guard Station and British Cemetery, the United Methodist Church, Assembly of God Church, the Island Inn , and Berkley Manor and Berkley Castle.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Sylvester Smith Farmstead is a historic farmstead in rural Izard County, Arkansas. It is located on the south side of County Road 10 , about 0.75 mi northeast of its junction with County Road 13 in Boswell. The central feature of the farmstead is a single story Plain-Traditional wood frame house, built in 1922 by Sylvester Smith, a prominent local farmer who also served as the local railroad telegrapher and agent. Smith built a barn, chicken house, smokehouse, and corn crib the following year, and the complex grew in later years to include a garage and privy. It is one of the best-preserved and least-altered farmsteads of the period in the county.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Virgil Hickox House is a historic house located at 518 East Capitol Avenue in Springfield, Illinois. The house, the only one remaining in downtown Springfield, was built in 1839 for Virgil Hickox and his family. Hickox was a prominent Springfield businessman who helped bring the city its first rail line, an extension of the Chicago and Alton Railroad. In addition, Hickox was a successful attorney and political figure; he chaired the Democratic State Committee for twenty years and was an associate of both Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas. The Hickox family remodeled their house several times; when they moved out in 1880, it had largely taken its present form, with an Italianate design featuring bracketed eaves and long arched windows.</p><br>
<p>The Sangamo Club, a private mens club, opened in the building in 1895 and remained there for over fifteen years. The building became a speakeasy during Prohibition and continued to serve alcohol afterwards as The Norb Andys Tabarin. The tavern became and remains popular with state legislators; in the 1980s, it was reported to be one of the few remaining bars regularly frequented by politicians.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Shiloh Historic District is a historic area of downtown Springdale, Arkansas listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The district encompasses eighteen significant buildings within its 32 acre, with eight having historic or architectural significance and twelve relating to the early commercial and industrial development of Springdale. Also included within the area are several roads of historic significance to the city. The district covers an area straddling Spring Brook, around which the community developed beginning in the 1830s, and is roughly centered on the 1870 Shiloh Church building, which is the community&#39;s oldest surviving building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Shiloh Church</p><br>
<p>Berry-Braun House</p><br>
<p>Smith-Searcy House</p><br>
<p>Steele Store</p><br>
<p>Springdale Library-Shiloh Museum of Ozark History</p><br>
<p>Bookout House</p><br>
<p>Berry-Braun Cottage</p><br>
<p>American Legion Hut</p><br>
<p>The Price/Wheeler House is a historic house located at 618 South 7th Street in Springfield, Illinois. Built in 1899, the house was the first of the citys turn-of-the-century Classical Revival residences. The house features a two-story front portico with four Ionic columns and a frieze and dentillated cornice. At the time of its construction, the houses design was unprecedented in Springfield; by 1910, however, the Classical Revival style was well-represented in Springfield&#39;s residential architecture. The house was built for Isaiah Price, a businessman who died two years after its construction. Former Springfield mayor and eventual USA Representative Loren Wheeler purchased the house in 1904.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 14, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Rosalie RSL Hall is a heritage-listed school of arts at 50 Elizabeth Street, Paddington , City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Hall & Prentice and built from 1927 to 1928 by W Moody. It is also known as Rosalie School of Arts Commemoration Hall. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 September 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The RSL Hall at Rosalie, formerly the Rosalie School of Arts Commemoration Hall, is a large timber building roofed in corrugated iron. It faces Nash Street in Rosalie, a locality that is now part of the suburb of Paddington. Since opening in 1928 the RSL Hall has hosted a wide variety of community activities. The ground floor of the Nash Street frontage, below the level of the main hall, was designed to accommodate two shops.</p><br>
<p>The first major land sales in the Paddington area occurred in 1859, when country lots were sold for £2/10/- an acre. The steep terrain hampered transport, and people sought ridge-top sites, timber cutting sites, or cultivated vegetable patches on the lower ground closer to the river. The first tracks followed the ridgelines, and it was along these narrow corridors that closer development initially occurred. In the late 1870s, Paddington was known as "Ti Tree Flats", and its postal address was simply "back of the gaol", being outside the Hale Street boundary of the city. There was a village at Caxton Street, and some houses on Given Terrace. Further out, the scenery was dotted with trees, vegetable patches, goats, tents, humpies, cottages, and the odd elegant mansion. Johann Christian Heussler built the stately home Fernberg in 1865, and in 1920 the Queensland Government purchased it as a residence for the Governor. During the 1880s a pattern developed whereby shops were clustered near major intersections, the affluent occupied the highest ground, aspiring artisans occupied the slopes, and poorer citizens built in the gullies. The Ithaca Shire was created in 1887, and by 1903 Paddington was a densely populated suburb of the town of Ithaca. The tramway reached Latrobe Terrace in 1898, and Fernberg Road 1909, which spurred development.</p><br>
<p>Rosalie is a small locality within Paddington, covering about 1000 by 800 metres, on ground that slopes down towards Gregory Park. It is probably named after the station of a Darling Downs grazier, John Frederick McDougall, who in 1882 purchased portion 225 of the Parish of Enoggera. This portion contained the future site of the Rosalie RSL Hall. The 1920s saw increased development in Rosalie, and the Rosalie Progress Association sponsored a Rosalie School of Arts Committee, for the purpose of erecting a Memorial Hall.</p><br>
<p>The first Mechanic&#39;s Institutes or Schools of Arts were established in Britain in the early 1800s and were intended to assist self-improvement and to promote moral, social and intellectual growth, by providing lectures, discussions and lending libraries to a rising middle class. At the time there were no public libraries and books were expensive, so that access to books by borrowing as subscribers provided an important educational and recreational service. The first School of Arts committee in Queensland was established in Brisbane in 1849 with the aim of "the advancement of the community in literary, philosophic and scientific subjects". As towns and districts became established, local committees were formed to establish schools of arts, and they became one of the principal sources of adult education. The buildings usually included a public hall for debates and performances, a subscription library, and a reading room. The erecting of a School of Arts in a particular community was seen as a sign that that community had "come of age".</p><br>
<p>However, the Rosalie School of Arts would also serve as a war memorial. The outpouring of grief in Australia that accompanied the deaths of 60,000 servicepeople in World War One, and the fact that the dead were buried overseas, led to a period of memorial construction across the nation. The Toowong Town Council offered the Rosalie School of Arts Committee a site in Gregory Park, next to the Milton State School, for the Rosalie School of Arts Memorial Hall. Instead, the School of Arts Committee held a fete in March 1926, raising the money to buy the current site at the corner of Elizabeth Street and Nash Street. The builder W. Moody designed the hall in 1926, but the Architectural Firm Hall and Prentice, which also designed the Brisbane City Hall and the Tattersalls Club, refined Moodys plan. At the stump-capping ceremony of 9 July 1927, official guests included the Governor, Sir John Goodwin; Brisbanes Mayor William Jolly; Colonel Donald Charles Cameron, Member of House of Representatives for Brisbane, and a decorated veteran of the Boer War and World War One; and Ned Hanlon, Member of the Legislative Assembly for Ithaca. Hanlon noted that the site was preferable to Gregory Park. The latter is labelled as "Red Jacket Swamp" on an 1895 map of the area.</p><br>
<p>Built by Moody, the hall cost £2,650, plus £550 for the library and furnishings, with a mortgage of £1,500 to the Public Curator. Funds to pay off the debt were raised by selling three-year membership subscriptions, and Life Memberships at five guineas. More funds were raised by including two shops on the ground floor frontage of the hall, numbered at 16 and 18 Nash Street. The Rosalie School of Arts Commemoration Hall was officially opened on 28 June 1928 by Mayor Jolly. The purpose of the hall was to bring residents together on social basis, while the library and reading room would help in their education. In mid 1928 work was also started on the Marist Brothers College Rosalie monastery and school, and the Rainworth State School was opened.</p><br>
<p>The RSL Hall has accommodated a wide range of community activities over the years. The Rosalie Kindergarten operated from the hall between 1929 and 1935, and the Ithaca Sub-Branch of the Returned Sailors Soldiers and Airmen&#39;s Imperial League of Australia (RSSAILA, later known as the Returned and Services League of Australia, or RSL) was founded in the hall in November 1934. In 1938 an Elections Tribunal was held in the hall, during an appeal against the election of Ned Hanlon, then Minister for Home Affairs. It was home to the Ithaca Youth Club between 1945-1950, and also hosted a Buffalo Lodge for many years. Other community activities have included public meetings, concerts, exhibitions, fancy dress balls, ANZAC Day commemorations, martial arts classes, and indoor bowls. In 1946 the library collection was sent to the Brisbane City Council library in the former Ithaca Town Council Chambers. That same year Queensland Premier Ned Hanlon introduced a bill that was passed as the Rosalie School of Arts and Commemoration Hall Transfer Act 1946, which transferred the property to the Ithaca sub-branch of the RSL. In 1991 an amalgamation of sub-branches formed the Ithaca-South Brisbane RSL BCOF sub-branch.</p><br>
<p>Between 1942 and 1957, on Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday nights the hall became the 300-seat Beverley Theatre, with a commercial photographer showing films. Other theatres in the area included the Plaza Theatre, Latrobe Terrace (1930-1960) and the Paddington Theatre, Caxton Street (1923-1979). In 2003 and 2004 the Cine-Retro Film Society, which showed pre-1960 movies in a suitable atmosphere, briefly revived this former use.</p><br>
<p>The shops below the hall have also had various tenants. Number 16 Nash Street contained a dressmaker in 1930, Trump Cycles from 1938 to 1942, and a sub-centre of the Maternal and Child Welfare Service from 1942, which was still open one day a week in 1978. An optometrist now occupies 16 Nash Street. Number 18 Nash Street contained a bootmaker&#39;s business between 1935 and 1947, and now contains a hair salon. The RSL sold the property in 2004, and now leases the hall for its monthly meetings and commemorative events. The hall itself currently contains a fitness centre. There is also a computer business on the ground floor directly under the hall, accessed from the carpark on the north side. A software company occupies the small house at 52 Elizabeth Street, which sits just to the north of the hall. This house is included in a 1935 map of the site.</p><br>
<p>The hall experienced some damage during the 1974 Brisbane floods.</p><br>
<p>Some changes to the property over the years include the addition of a glass-roofed entry, and a timber passageway linking it to the original northern wing of the hall; an awning on the north side has been removed recently; the RSL renovated the interior of the hall, and the shops have been refurbished. On the northern side of the hall, one of the doorway landings has been fully enclosed, with the outside stairs being removed. The shop awning has also been simplified, losing its original mouldings and detailing. Five rotating galvanised iron vents were added sometime after 1938, projecting from either side of the ridge of the roof, and these were replaced with new vents recently. The first floor rooms above the shops now have three triple-hung sash windows, instead of the original small pane casement windows, which can be seen around the rest of the hall. A sign also projects from the middle of the front gable, which was originally decorated with the words 1928 Rosalie School of Arts Commemoration Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The RSL Hall in Rosalie straddles the southern half of three allotments which total 1131 square metres in area. To the north of the hall is a software business in a small timber house, which is clad with chamfer boards, and a carpark, accessed from Elizabeth Street. The hall faces Nash Street, is clad in weatherboards, and has a corrugated iron roof. The first floor contains the hall, while the ground floor contains three shops: two facing Nash Street, and one directly under the hall, entered from the northern carpark.</p><br>
<p>The gable fronting Nash Street is decorated with cover strips, forming a simple geometric pattern. Below this design, and above the shops, is a stepped projection that currently contains two changing rooms and a kitchen. The two Nash Street shops extend to the east of the hall on the ground floor, and their frontage is angled to conform to the angle of the road reserve. Two small stepped wings extend north and south of the hall, and stairs descend into them from the first floor of the hall. The first floor of the southern wing contains showers, while the first floor of the northern wing contains storage rooms, and has been incorporated into the entrance stairway that rises from the glass entry foyer. The ground floor of the northern wing also contains toilets, which are accessed from the tunnel that runs underneath the entrance stairway.</p><br>
<p>The main hall of the building has a stage at the western end, and on either side of the stage are stairs up to small side rooms. Stairs also descend from the stage towards toilets to either side. At the eastern end of the hall, large curtains conceal the RSL&#39;s memorabilia, which is revealed during RSL meetings. Behind the curtains, in the upper part of the eastern wall, is the open window of the projection room. The projection room is in poor condition, and access to it has been sealed. There is a small office, with open serving bays, between the two doorways at the eastern end of the hall. Near the office, at the top of the entrance stairway, is a large Ithaca Honour Board, listing those who served in World War One.</p><br>
<p>The carpark, the new entrance foyer and stairway, and the small house just north of the hall, are not of historical significance.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Rosalie RSL Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 September 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former School of Arts Memorial Hall in Rosalie demonstrates the system of adult education that functioned in Queensland during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is also illustrates the practice of constructing memorials to those Queenslanders who fell in World War One.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The RSL Hall is an excellent example of a multi-purpose World War One memorial hall. It has been used as a venue for commemoration, education, entertainment, politics, sport, and socialising, and remains remarkably intact.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The large timber building, on its corner site, has possessed a landmark quality since its construction. Its size and multi-level stepped design makes a major contribution to the character of Rosalie&#39;s streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The RSL Hall, through its decades of community service, has a longstanding and ongoing social and cultural association with the local community, and the Returned Services League.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is associated with the notable architectural firm of Hall and Prentice, which also designed the City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Hickox Apartments is an historic apartment complex located at the corner of 4th and Cook Streets in Springfield, Illinois. The complex consists of five building units built from 1920 to 1929. The buildings represent three of the five major types of Springfield apartments: two- and three-flat row apartments, detached low-rise apartments with a courtyard, and larger suburban-style apartments with a courtyard. The complex, located near the Illinois Executive Mansion in the Aristocracy Hill neighborhood, was the first apartment complex targeted at upper-middle-class families. While Springfield&#39;s apartments had typically been seen as lower-class residences, developer Harris Hickox used lavish amenities, a desirable location, and his own social status to draw wealthier residents to his new complex. Hickox also created an air of exclusivity for his apartments by employing domestic staff and lobby guards and defying the local convention of advertising new apartments. The apartments remained a respected and desirable complex through the 1960s, outlasting most of the other luxury apartments which followed its lead.</p><br>
<p>The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Cong. James M. Graham House is a historic house located at 413 South 7th Street in Springfield, Illinois. The two-story Italianate house was the home of USA Representative James M. Graham from 1896 until his death in 1945. Graham, who served in the House from 1909 to 1915, played a part in several important Congressional investigations. He wrote the minority opinion in Congress&#39;s investigation of the Pinchot&ndash;Ballinger controversy, in which he condemned Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger for appropriating public lands for private use. Graham also participated in fraud investigations into the Bureau of Indian Affairs, one of which led to the resignation of then-Commissioner of Indian Affairs Robert G. Valentine.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor Apartments is a historic apartment building located at 117 South Grand Avenue West in Springfield, Illinois. The six-flat building was built by Dr. Percy L. Taylor in 1916. Taylor, the former City Physician of Springfield, rented the apartments as a source of retirement income. Springfield experienced a population boom in the 1900s and 1910s, and most of its new residents were young professionals who only lived there for a short time. As a result, many new apartments were built during this period, particularly in Springfields Aristocracy Hill neighborhood where the Taylor Apartments were located. The rise in apartments for professionals led to the increased social acceptability of Springfields apartments, which had previously been seen as lower-status housing. The six-flat apartment was one of the more common building types during the boom, and the Taylor Apartments are a representative example of the style.</p><br>
<p>The apartments were added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Bell Miller Apartments are a historic apartment building located at 835 South Second Street in Springfield, Illinois. The six-flat apartments were built in 1909 by Bell Miller, a local florist branching out into real estate. Architect George H. Helmle designed the three-story Classical Revival building. The buildings design features an entrance pavilion supported by Doric columns, verandahs on both sides, and an egg-and-dart frieze and dentillated cornice along the roof line. The interior also featured the style, as stairways with Classical balustrades led to each apartment. The apartments were part of a wave of new apartment buildings constructed in Springfields Aristocracy Hill neighborhood in the 1910s and 1920s. The new apartments were advertised as "luxury apartments" and featured privacy and amenities designed to attract middle-class professionals, successfully countering the stigma that apartments were low-class housing. The Bell Miller Apartments stood apart even from these other buildings due to its commitment to Classical decoration both inside and out; while other buildings had formally styled exteriors, few featured as lavish of interiors. The building is currently owned by the Conn Hospitality Group, and operates as a bed and breakfast under the name of The Inn at 835.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Town House is a historic apartment building located at 718 S. 7th Street in Springfield, Illinois. The high-rise building is composed of an 11-story section and a 13-story section joined by a 14-story connector. Built in 1958, the International Style building was designed by Chicago architectural firm Shaw, Metz and Dolio. Springfield&#39;s Franklin Life Insurance Company underwrote the building; while it was originally intended to serve as employee housing, it quickly became a desirable residence for the general public as well. The building was the first high-rise luxury apartment complex in Springfield and was likely inspired by the earlier Hickox Apartments, a 1920s complex which set standards for luxury apartments in Springfield. It attempted to bring the more urban lifestyle of large Midwestern cities to comparatively smaller Springfield, and early residents boasted of their access to downtown and reduced housework. Shortly after its construction, however, the national trend of dispersed suburban homes made its way to Springfield; as a result, the Town House was the only luxury high-rise apartment ever built in the city.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Old City Hall, now the Fairbanks Distilling Company, is a historic civic building at 410 Cushman Street in Fairbanks, Alaska. It is a two story Art Deco structure, built out of reinforced concrete in 1935 as a fireproof alternative to the city&#39;s previous city hall. The building is roughly T-shaped, with quoining patterns incised in the corners and bands of decoration on a parapet level. The building was originally built to house city offices as well as police and fire stations; the entrances to the fire equipment bays on Cushman Street have been filled in with wood framing and siding. The building was enlarged by extensions to the rear twice, once before 1950, and once after the 1967 floods. The city moved its offices to the adjacent Main School in 1994; the building then housed the Fairbanks Community Museum until it was acquired by Fairbanks Distilling Company in July 2014.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Holmes-Crafts Homestead is a historic house at the southern junction of Old Jay Hill Road and Main Street  in Jay, Maine. Built in the early 19th century, it is a well-preserved local example of Federal architecture, and was home to James Starr, one of the first settlers of the area and a prominent local lawyer and politician. The building, now owned by the local historical society, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Holmes-Crafts Homestead is a two-story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a hip roof and two chimneys placed near the rear. A gable-roofed ell extends to the rear of the main block. The house has retained a large amount of is exterior finish, including original clapboards and windows. The main entrance has a Federal style surround with sidelight windows and a carved panel above. The interior has equally well-preserved wide pine floors and original door and window hardware.</p><br>
<p>The house is known to have been standing in 1820, when it was purchased by James Starr, a lawyer and surveyor who was one of the first white settlers to arrive in the Jay Hill area in 1802. Starr also operated a tavern nearby, served as the towns first postmaster, and represented it in the state legislature. The property was purchased in 1833 by Aruna Holmes, Starrs son-in-law, who was a cabinetmaker. He had a shop which extended from the house&#39;s ell, but is no longer standing. The house is now owned by the Jay Historical Society, and is open by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Paddington Tramways Substation is a heritage-listed former electrical substation at 150 Enoggera Terrace, Paddington, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Roy Rusden Ogg and built from 1929 to 1930. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 March 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former tramways substation was erected in 1929-30, during a period of tramways expansion which followed the Brisbane City Councils 1925 acquisition of the tramways system from the Brisbane Tramways Trust. It was erected on Cooks Hill, along the Paddington Line, on land which was formerly part of the adjacent Ithaca Fire Station. The Brisbane Tramways Company, a private enterprise formed in 1895, introduced the first electric trams to Brisbane in mid-1897. Following lobbying by the Ithaca Shire Council, a tramway was extended along Musgrave Road to Red Hill, and a line was laid along Caxton Street and Given Terrace as far as Latrobe Terrace in 1898. The Red Hill line was extended to Ashgrove in 1924, and the Paddington line was extended to Bardon in 1937. The spread of the tramways network was a catalyst for residential development in the western suburbs.</p><br>
<p>In 1926 the Greater Brisbane Council, anxious to control the city&#39;s electricity supply, decided to build the Brisbane Powerhouse at New Farm, under the supervision of the BCC Tramways Department. Opened on 28 June 1928, New Farm distributed 11000 volts AC power to a network of eleven suburban tramway substations erected in the 1920s and 1930s. The function of the Paddington substation, the seventh in the network, was to assist the Petrie Terrace substation (erected 1927-28) in providing a better distribution of power to the increased western suburbs tram services.</p><br>
<p>Considerable attention was given to the design of these substations. Roy Rusden Ogg, the tramways architect and construction engineer from 1926 until the late 1930s, in conjunction with tramways chief engineers William Muir Nelson (1925–26) and William Arundell (1926-49?), designed at least ten Brisbane substations between 1926 and 1936, and the first two stages of the New Farm powerhouse (1927–29 and 1934–36). Ogg also designed the Tramways Department&#39;s Head Office building on Coronation Drive (1929). The Paddington substation, constructed of bricks and structural steel from the old Countess Street power house (closed in mid-1928), was the first of his substation designs to incorporate a parapet wall, flat roof and exterior render.</p><br>
<p>The Paddington substation was automatic, equipped with an 1100 KVA transformer, a British-Thomson-Houston 1000 kW rotary converter, switchgear, support services, and an overhead crane (designed by the Tramways Department). The substation received 11000 volts AC electricity from the New Farm Power station, via an underground feeder cable. The transformer reduced this supply, which the rotary converter then converted to 600 volts DC for the tramways network.</p><br>
<p>The substation commenced operation on 11 August 1930 and remained in service until the phasing out of Brisbanes trams in the late 1960s. In 1969 the Paddington line was closed, the substations electrical equipment was removed, and the building became a storage depot. In 1985, Hands On Art was given a fifteen-year lease of the building.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, Hands On Art was still operating from the building and was running monthly "vintage and artisan" markets.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former tramway substation is a rendered masonry building with a flat concrete roof behind a parapet wall. It is situated prominently adjacent to the intersection of Latrobe and Enoggera Terraces.</p><br>
<p>The symmetrical facades demonstrate a classical influence in their design. The building has corner pilasters with the longer north and south elevations having a central pilaster. The building has a heavy cornice, feature panels of rough render and a base which is scribed to suggest large size stone blocks.</p><br>
<p>The building has large sash windows with mottled glass panes with a panel of galvanised iron louvres to either side of each window. There are also ventilation panels in the base and below the cornice. A set of large timber doors is located on the north, which has been painted bright colours, and a section of the base has also been painted.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building has concrete floors, painted brick walls and steel beams to the roof, with metal covers to the panels of louvres and pink glass inserts to the centre of the sash windows. The east end of the space has a raised floor accessed via a steep metal stair with a more recent steel pipe railing.</p><br>
<p>The original arrangement of equipment is evident. Floor ducting for the power supply is located in the west end of the space but has been filled in. The high tension switchgear and 1100 KVA transformer have been removed. The upper level has a concrete platform, supported on brick piers, where the rotary converter was located. The original location of the relay panel can be seen against the south wall, and the control and feeder panel against the east wall which supplied power to the feeder cables located either end at the top of the east wall. A toilet cubicle is located in the southeast corner of the space, over which an air compressor was once situated. An overhead gantry crane is still intact. A low exit door has been cut in the south wall, at a later date, and has an external timber access stair. The feeder cables were supported externally by large curved brackets on the east wall which remain intact with insulators. An AC transformer is located externally to the west.</p><br>
<p>On the western perimeter is a section of stone wall which was part of the gardens originally located on the site.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Paddington Tramways Substation was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 March 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Paddington Substation is important in demonstrating part of the evolution and pattern of Queenslands history, in that it provides evidence of Brisbanes early 20th century tramway system and its contribution to the growth of the inner western suburbs; and has had a close association with the development of Brisbane&#39;s electricity supply system.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>In elements of the fabric and design, the building demonstrates now rare evidence of the electrical system arrangement and working of an interwar, rotary converter type, tramways substation in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The substation is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a small scale industrial building designed for a prominent urban location.</p><br>
<p>The building has a special association with the work of tramways architect RR Ogg and chief engineer W Arundell.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The substation exhibits a landmark quality and contribution to the Brisbane townscape which is valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The building has strong social and cultural associations with the Paddington community, being an integral member of an historic group of sites on Cook&#39;s Hill which includes the former Ithaca Fire Station, the Ithaca War Memorial, and Ithaca Embankments.</p><br>
<p>Paddington Water Tower is a heritage-listed water tower at 16 Garfield Drive, Paddington, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board and built by day labour in 1927. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 June 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the beginning of the 20th century, Brisbane was drawing most of its water from the Brisbane River at Mount Crosby. Enoggera Dam and Gold Creek Dam were also feeding into the system. At this stage none of the supplies were filtered and Brisbane&#39;s water supply was neither treated nor tested until the first decade of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, American hydraulic engineer, Allen Hazen, was engaged by the Brisbane Board of Waterworks to report on the amplification of Brisbane&#39;s supply. He recommended against the construction of a dam on the Brisbane River in its middle catchment because of his perception of the danger of rapid loss of storage capacity because of siltation. He recommended storage on Cabbage Tree Creek, a tributary of the Brisbane River, some 19 kilometres upstream of Mount Crosby and further recommended the site of the Somerset Dam on the Stanley River for future amplification of storage.</p><br>
<p>From about 1916, the shape of Mount Crosby and nearby Holt&#39;s Hill underwent a series of changes with structures erected, extended and demolished in response to the water quality demands of Brisbane, and after 1922, of Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>To provide facilities to residents on elevated land for a full water supply, service reservoirs were constructed at Bartleys Hill in 1907 and 1919, Enoggera in 1912, Holts Hill in 1919, Tarragindi in 1923, Paddington in 1927, Roles Hill in 1928, Eildon Hill in 1930, Bulimba in 1940, Sparkes Hill in 1941 and Bracken Ridge in 1944. Previous service reservoirs had been constructed at Wickham Terrace in 1870 and 1882, Highgate Hill in 1889 and the Mount Crosby High Level in 1891.</p><br>
<p>Supplying water to the higher parts of Paddington had always been difficult, so it was a great benefit to residents when the Water Board opened this tower in 1927 which was fed from Enoggera Dam. The Board had striven for 12 years to obtain the £12,000 necessary to build the Paddington Tower. The Tower was dedicated on 4 March 1927 and was officially opened by Mr Ernest James Theodore Manchester, President of the Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, with members of the board and local residents in attendance. The tower was described as the finest piece of work constructed by any authority and at the time was the most expensive single structure ever to have been constructed in the Town of Ithaca.</p><br>
<p>At the opening the President said it had always been the aim of the Water Board to afford facilities to provide a full water supply to all residents on elevated land and that in time he hoped to see all elevated lands graced by water towers. The power for the motor which hoisted the water into the tank was switched on by Mr J J Roberts who referred to Paddington Heights as the Dress Circle of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The structure was designed by the Boards engineer and erected by the boards staff with day labour on a site 335 feet above sea level. The tank is composed of reinforced concrete and the height from the highest point is 70 feet. It is capable of holding 100,000 gallons. The Tramway Department provided the electricity required for the centrifugal pump which propelled water from the tank below</p><br>
<p>A cottage was erected alongside the tank on the vacant piece of ground shortly after the tower was opened so that the turncock would live on the premises and give every attention to see that the tank was constantly well filled with water.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Paddington Water Tower is located on a 529m2 allotment on Archibald&#39;s Hill. The site slopes westward away from Garfield Terrace down to Tooth Avenue. The Tower is located adjacent to the Garfield Terrace boundary with the pump house adjacent to its western side.</p><br>
<p>Paddington Water Tower is surplus to water supply requirements and is no longer in use. It is essentially unaltered from its original appearance. Located on Archibalds Hill, it is one of Brisbanes oldest and most prominent landmarks. It is probably the only one of its type in Queensland being a reinforced concrete tank elevated on concrete columns.</p><br>
<p>Of the other service reservoirs erected in Brisbane, Wickham Terrace (1870 & 1882), Mount Crosby High Level (1891), Holt&#39;s Hill (1919) and Bulimba (1940) are also now surplus to requirements and not in use.</p><br>
<p>The Paddington tank and its tower are of reinforced concrete construction The circular tank is supported on a structural framework of twelve columns and octagonal grids of haunched beams. The water tower is 70 feet (21.34 metres) high and the tank has a capacity of 100,000 gallons (.38 megalitre) and the top water level is 335 feet (102.1 metres) AHD.</p><br>
<p>The tower is a prominent Brisbane landmark in the north western suburbs. It is visible from miles around and most vantage points and is readily recognisable.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Paddington Water Tower was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 June 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Paddington Water Tower is important in demonstrating a phase in the history of Brisbane&#39;s water supply and the technological difficulties of providing reticulated water to elevated sites.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Paddington Water Tower is a rare example of an elevated reinforced concrete water tank. It is probably the only one of its type in Queensland being a reinforced concrete tank elevated on concrete columns.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Paddington Water Tower is important for its aesthetic qualities as a readily recognisable landmark. It is one of Brisbane&#39;s most prominent landmarks.</p><br>
<p>Forks of Cypress Cemetery  is a historic cemetery near Florence, Alabama. The cemetery contains the graves of Forks of Cypress owner James Jackson, several member of his family, and numerous slaves who worked on the plantation. Jackson, an immigrant from County Monaghan, Ireland, purchased the estate in 1818 and built the main house in 1830. The cemetery was established soon after the estate; the oldest interment, dating from 1819, is William Augustus Moore, a relative of Jackson&#39;s wife, Sally.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is situated on 5 acres (2 ha) about 1000 feet (300 m) from the site of the main house. It is divided into the Jackson family plot, which is surrounded by a 4-foot (1.2-meter) tall stone wall, and the African-American section which contains graves of slaves who worked the plantation and later tenant farmers. Antebellum markers are the most elaborate, showing influences from popular residential architectural styles such as Greek Revival and Classical Revival. Most were made of grey limestone or marble and were variations of obelisks. Later monuments are primarily of granite, and are smaller, in deference either architecturally to the more elaborate markers that preceded them, or to the ancestral founders of the family. Two African-American slave jockeys are buried inside the family plot wall, showing the importance to Jackson of his stable of race horses. The slave cemetery is the resting place of over 250 of the plantations workers, as well as many of their free decedents. The graves, mostly unmarked, represents one of the largest African-American cemeteries in the region. Author Alex Haleys great-grandmother, Ester, is buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Foresters&#39; Hall is a heritage-listed community hall at 16 Latrobe Terrace, Paddington, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Alexander Brown Wilson and built in 1888 by W Taylor. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 April 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This timber hall was built between June and September in 1888 for the Trustees of Court Foresters Hope, number 6535 of the Ancient Order of Foresters Friendly Society, United Brisbane District. The Paddington Foresters Hall was designed by the Brisbane architect, Alexander Brown Wilson, and was built by W Taylor after his tender for £585 was accepted in May 1888. The hall was built on a subdivision of an estate originally purchased by Bennett Clay at a sale of crown land in 1861. The title deed was then transferred to John Robertson of Sydney in 1864. In 1885 Robertson subdivided his seventeen-acre (6.9 hectare) estate when the trustees of Court Foresters Hope purchased subdivision 22, apparently for £78.</p><br>
<p>Court Foresters Hope was founded in Paddington in 1878 marking the beginning of expansion for the Ancient Order of Foresters in Queensland. Prior to the building of the Foresters Hall in 1888, the court met at the former Methodist Church (no longer extant) at the corner of Given Terrace and Ranley Grove, Paddington.</p><br>
<p>The establishment of the Ancient Order of Foresters in Queensland dates from 1859 with the opening of Court Fortitude at Fortitude Valley. The Foresters&#39; presence in Queensland was part of a social phenomenon which saw friendly societies become significant to the functioning of Australian society in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The friendly societies came to Australia as part of the British philosophy of self-help and mutual aid which became prevalent during the industrial revolution.</p><br>
<p>Friendly societies were voluntary associations that traditionally provided financial benefits to their members, usually working men and their families, in case of sickness, injury or death, by drawing on funds to which each member contributed. They were a response to the lack of social welfare in western societies during this period. The idea of fraternity and ritual formed an important element of the friendly societies as did the social activities that the individual branches provided for their members.</p><br>
<p>The Ancient Order of Foresters&#39; was one of the largest affiliated orders of friendly societies which was governed by a district body and made up of local branches or "courts". It was established in Britain in 1834 as a splinter group of the Royal Foresters which dated from 1790. Its tradition is linked with the mythology of Robin Hood and this is reflected in the ritual, regalia, hierarchy and names of the individual courts.</p><br>
<p>The first Australian court of the Ancient Order of Foresters was established in New South Wales in 1843. By 1878 there were three successfully functioning courts in Queensland: Court Fortitude (1859), Court South Brisbane Hope (1878) and Court Foresters Hope in Paddington (1878). In April 1881 the three pioneering courts of Brisbane took steps to form the United Brisbane District as the governing body for courts in Brisbane, Ipswich and Gympie. From 1878 to 1902, 57 new Foresters courts were established throughout Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Foresters Hall, which was established close to the junction of Given and Latrobe Terraces, commanded a prominent position within the growing township of Paddington. In the 1880s, land in Paddington was beginning to be subdivided and an increase in development was occurring at the time hall was built. Land sales were peaking and the foundations were being laid for Paddington to become a commuter suburb, transforming it from the sparsely populated semi-rural district of the 1860s and 70s. Foresters Hall is a legacy of this development boom and its long established position has made it a feature of the Paddington townscape.</p><br>
<p>Court Foresters Hope was one of the few courts in Queensland to possess its own hall. There are a number of examples of purpose-built friendly society halls from this period, including the first Foresters Hall in Brunswick Street, Fortitude Valley, but many local friendly society branches leased other societies&#39; halls for their meeting places.</p><br>
<p>The Paddington Foresters Hall had a seating capacity of 320 people and provided a thriving community service to the growing population of Paddington. The hall was designed with the intention of creating revenue with two rooms at the front to be used by rent-paying shopkeepers and another three rooms at the front to accommodate a rent-paying caretaker. Two private rooms at the back were also let to the public and the hall was leased on a regular basis to many local groups. In 1906 these included the local Rechabites, the Salvation Army, the Ithaca Ratepayers Association, the Womens Christian Charity and the Theodore Unmack Society of Masons.</p><br>
<p>The original building specifications make reference to a verandah at the back of the hall with a staircase which led to rooms underneath the stage. The hall was lit by kerosene pendant lamps which were replaced with gas lighting in late 1892 or early 1893, for which task the halls architect AB Wilson was consulted. In about November 1894, alterations were made to the front of the hall, again to Wilsons specifications. The shop-front windows were removed and replaced with the present sash windows, the gallery floor was altered, a girder was placed at the front of the gallery platform and a new stairway to the gallery was constructed in the north-western corner of the hall of material from the previous gallery stairs. The internal walls under the gallery were altered suggesting a change in the configuration of the rooms at the front of the hall. The front and vestibule doors were rehung closer to the front wall. The caretakers&#39; residence was eventually moved underneath the hall to a four-roomed basement apartment which still exists.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the twentieth century Foresters Hall continued to serve the local community and was registered as a public hall in 1927. It continued to operate as Court Foresters Hope meeting place and was also used for local Labor Party meetings, among other organisations. The shops functioned in the front of the hall until about the late 1940s or 50s and the hall was also used as an electoral polling booth.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, after 88 years of ownership, Court Foresters Hope sold the hall to the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes, a friendly society which had previously rented the hall from the Foresters. Court Foresters Hope continues to meet at St Barnabas&#39; Church, Red Hill. In 1996, the hall was sold again.</p><br>
<p>In November 2013, the building was being used by Vinnie&#39;s (a St. Vincent de Paul Thrift Store).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Foresters&#39; Hall is located on the southern side of Latrobe Terrace near the intersection of Given Terrace. The single-storeyed timber building abuts the street frontage and has an awning that extends over the footpath to the roadside kerbing. The land slopes steeply down towards the rear of the property allowing for a small residence to be constructed at basement level, beneath the main hall.</p><br>
<p>Foresters Hall is basically a rectangular form building set on concrete stumps and clad mainly with chamferboards, except at the rear where they have been replaced with weatherboards. The corrugated iron hipped roof is hidden from the street a pedimented parapet that extends across the buildings front and partially to each side. The rear rooms of the building are roofed with a simple corrugated iron skillion. The front awning is constructed of timber with plain posts and a convex profiled corrugated iron roof. In contrast, the front entry to the building is embellished by a pair of ornamented timber pilasters and wide solid panelled door. At both sides of the door are small double-hung arched windows that are fitted with opaque wired glass. Above the awning but immediately below the parapet cornice there are also three small fixed paned windows. Large windows to both sides of the central hall consist of fixed and pivoting panes. These panes have recently been fitted with textured and coloured glass. External timber stairs and landings provide access to the building from the west side of the hall and to the basement level rooms.</p><br>
<p>At ground level Foresters&#39; Hall internally consists of one large central hall with two rooms at the front and three rooms at the rear. The main entrance to the building is via a central vestibule that leads to a pair of original cedar panelled doors. Behind these doors is a second vestibule, formed by the recent installation of a pair of similar but partly glazed timber doors. On the west side of the original vestibule is a small room, currently accessible only from the hall. Evidence of a former doorway between this room and the vestibule still remains; however the entire wall has recently been glazed. On the east side of the vestibule, a slightly larger room has recently been created by the erection of a timber lined wall separating the area from the main hall. In this room is a small store and the original set of narrow timber stairs that lead up to a small two tiered gallery located above the front two rooms. Recently installed timber balustrading replaces the original simple balustrade at the front of the gallery.</p><br>
<p>The central hall is a large space with a stage area at the rear end. Full width timber arches separate the stage and gallery areas from the hall. Narrow timber steps lead up to the stage at both sides of the hall. Behind the stage are three rooms; a kitchen and two toilets. The wall dividing the stage area from the rear rooms is a single skinned timber lined wall with exposed cross bracing partially exposed in the kitchen area only. The toilet areas have been created by the installation of partition walls lined with fibrous cement sheeting. Ceramic tiling has been used to cover the timber floors in the toilet areas. Fretted fanlights above the toilet and kitchen doors are recent installations.</p><br>
<p>The coved ceilings and walls throughout the building are internally lined with 4" pine boards fixed horizontally. Decorative fretwork ventilators are fitted into the central hall ceiling. Partition walls are constructed of timber frames, lined on one side only with vertically orientated lining boards. Floors throughout the central hall and the front rooms are 4" wide timber boards. Below these is the original floorboards which are 6" wide.</p><br>
<p>At the basement level there are four rooms forming a small residence. Access to the rooms is via a set of recently constructed timber stairs approached from the narrow footpath on the building&#39;s western boundary. Each room is lined in vertically fixed timber boards. One room is fitted as a bathroom and another as a kitchen. Exposed diagonal bracing is evident in the kitchen area.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Foresters&#39; Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 April 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Foresters Hall, erected in 1888, demonstrates a way of life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when friendly societies were a prominent and expanding part of Queensland society. The societies provided a welfare service by means of mutual aid and this hall provided a headquarters for Court Foresters Hope of the Ancient Order of Foresters&#39; Friendly Society. The building is also of interest for its role as part of the 1880s development boom which transformed Paddington from a semi-rural area into a commuter suburb of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a typical and substantially intact example of a small 19th century Queensland hall.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The hall with its interesting architectural details, offers a strong aesthetic contribution to Latrobe Terrace and the suburb of Paddington as a dominant feature of the streetscape and townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Foresters Hall possesses special association for the Paddington community as a local landmark which has provided a range of community services for the local people for over 100 years. The hall has a strong and long association with the activities of Court Foresters Hope established over an 88-year period. Despite a change of ownership to the Hamilton Lodge of the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes in 1976, the hall had continuous use as a friendly society meeting place until 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Carrabasset Inn is a historic house at the northwest corner of the junction of Union Street  and River Road  in North Solon, Maine. Built as a private residence c. 1850, the house was altered significantly for use as a hotel after a fire devastated North Solons business district, and served in that role as the villages only hotel into the 1940s. It now exhibits an architecturally distinctive blend of Greek Revival, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman styling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is now a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Carrabasset Inn is a tall 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, four bays wide, with a front gable roof, and a porch that wraps around the east and south sides of the house. A recessed two story ell extends to the west. The main facade (facing Union Street to the south) has a Palladian window with stained and colored glass on the second level, and the main entrance is framed by pilasters and entablature. Above the Palladian window a gable section rises into the roof line. The corners of the building are highlighted by paired pilasters, and a broad entablature runs below the roof line. The interior of the house was extensively altered during the conversion of the house to a hotel, and features high quality Craftsman styling, with box beam ceilings and the use of stained and colored glass.</p><br>
<p>The construction date of the house is uncertain. Architectural assessment based on its Greek Revival features places it around 1850, and it had acquired many of its features by the time the first known photograph of it was taken in 1875. At that time, then main entrance faced east, toward River Road, and included a porch that only extended across the eastern facade. After the 1913 fire destroyed much of North Ansons central business district, including all of the area hotels, this house was immediately altered to serve as a hotel by N. W. Murphy, whose Somerset Hotel had been the communitys largest. From then until the 1940s, when it finally closed, it served as the community&#39;s only known lodging facility. It was converted to a private residence thereafter, removing a portion of the rear wing to another site.</p><br>
<p>The Casey House is a historic house on the Baxter County Fairgrounds in Mountain Home, Arkansas. Still at its original location when built c. 1858, is a well-preserved local example of a dog trot house, a typical Arkansas pioneer house. It is a rectangular structure made out of two log pens with a breezeway in between. It is finished in clapboard siding on the outside walls, and the breezeway is finished with flushboarding. A porch extends the width of the house front, and is sheltered by the side-gable roof that also covers the house. Colonel Casey, its builder, was one of Mountain Home&#39;s first settlers, and its first representative in the Arkansas legislature.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Karsner-Carroll House  is a historic residence in Florence, Alabama. The lot on which the house sits was purchased in 1818 by James Gadsden; the lot to the west was purchased by his commanding officer in the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson. The house was built sometime before 1830 by B. F. Karsner. In 1902 it was purchased by Dr. George W. Carroll, whose daughter Bertha later lived in the house with her husband Oscar Y. Kennedy.</p><br>
<p>The house is a rare example of small-form, early 19th-century Federal architecture in the Tennessee Valley. The -story cottage is built with 13-inch (33-cm) thick brick exterior walls. On the three-bay façade, the entry door with fanlight occupies the left side, with two large six-over-six sash windows to the right. A pair of arched dormers project from the steeply pitched gable roof. The main block of the house is square, with a covered porch occupying the area behind the entry hall. Two rooms on the other side of the house lead to a narrow wing, containing three rooms, off the rear of the house. A smokehouse still stands behind the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The William Koger House is a historic residence near Smithsonia, Alabama. The house was built around 1830 by William and Martha Koger, planters from Virginia. The Kogers brought their native architectural form, the Tidewater-type cottage, with them to North Alabama. The house was the center of a 630-acre  plantation, which included an island in the Tennessee River. After William&#39;s death, Martha continued to manage the farm until her death in 1892.</p><br>
<p>The house is constructed of brick, laid in Flemish bond on the façade and in Common bond on the other sides. There are twin chimneys in the gable ends, with a large arched window between the chimneys in one end that was added in the late 19th century. The entry has a transom and sidelights and is flanked by pairs of nine-over-nine sash windows. Unusual for the style, there is no evidence that the entry was ever covered by a porch. The house has a central hall with two rooms on either side, and had an ell off the rear of the house, until it was destroyed by fire in the late 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Dongjiang Lake is located in Chenzhou city, southeast Hunan province, China. It is close to the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and China National Highway 107. Situated 38 km away from the downtown area, it covers an area of 200 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>The Dongjiang scenic area includes the following: the Dongjiang Lake landscape, Dongjiang Reservoir Dam, Hougu Mountain Rainfall, Yongcui Gorge, and Swan Mountain National Forest Park. It is well known in China as a place for tourism, vacation, and rehabilitation.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<h3>Dongjiang Reservoir Dam</h3><br>
<p>Dongjiang Reservoir Dam was constructed between 1958 and 1992 off and on, and supports a 500 MW hydroelectric power.</p><br>
<p>This hyperbolic arch dam is Chinese designed and built. When the dike locks are opened, the green lake water dashes down to the gorge and the water is divided into thousands of small water drops, which forms a canvas of fog, like the silvery silk.</p><br>
<h3>Dongjiang Lake</h3><br>
<p>Dongjiang lake is the water reservation reservoir, which is also one of the key national energy projects. The lake occupies a surface width of 160 square kilometers and has a water storage of 81.2 cubic meters, which is honored as "South Dongting Lake". Furthermore, the Dongjiang Lake is not only the biggest artificial lake in middle and southern area of China but also one of training base for water sports.</p><br>
<h3>Dongjiang White-Water Rafting</h3><br>
<p>Dongjiang White-Water Rafting is one of the national 5A tourist attractions--the highest level of Tourist Attraction Rating Categories of China. The rafting area is located in the region of Zheshui River which belongs to the upstream of Dongjiang Lake. Dongjiang white-water Rafting is not only famous for its plenty of shoals, rapids and high drop, but also known for its strange stones, vegetation diversity along the river banks. So people can experience an feeling of thrill. However, many accidents also happened over the past years. Sometimes the boats will capsize because of the rapids. From the time when this program was opened in 1995, roughly speaking, it was reported by totally about 100 TVs such as CCTV-1 and CCTV-4, newspapers and magazines. And also, it is also confirmed as the training and competition location for white-water rafting.</p><br>
<h3>Hougu Mountain Waterfalls</h3><br>
<p>The waterfalls are situated on the southwest of the dam and are composed by 2 waterfalls which are a hundred meters apart. The rainfall in the west is about 20 meters high while the other in the south is more than 200 meter.</p><br>
<h3>Tokyo Stockade</h3><br>
<p>Tokyo Stockade is close to the Butian village, which is one of Chinese revolutionary commemoration sites. In 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi (general) led their army here and celebrated one-year anniversary of the August 1 Nanchang Uprising.</p><br>
<h3>Bailang Scenic Area</h3><br>
<p>Close to Swan Mountain National Forest Park and Xingning Town, Bailang Scenic Area is located in Bailang County in Hunan. It includes the Folk Village, Snake Island, Monkey Island, Crocodile Island, and Bird Island. The Folk Village is a place Where buildings are of many different kinds of architectural styles. In these islands, people get a chance to know more knowledge about different animals&#39; habits as well as enjoying the shows.</p><br>
<h3>Swan Mountain National Forest Park</h3><br>
<p>The name of this national forest park is closely connected with a Chinese folklore. It is said that many years ago, the people here was hit by the long drought, and then someday a swan flew to this area and perched on the mountaintop. After three days, the rain fell in torrents. People thought that it was because of the swan and in order to express their gratitude, people built a temple. Later the local people directly called the mountain Swan Mountain. Now if tourists go to Swan Mountain, they can still find the historical site of this temple.</p><br>
<p>The Swan Mountain National Forest Park is in the northeast of Dongjiang Lake, which covers an area of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers. Its highest point is over 1000 meters.</p><br>
<p>Here, tourists can see the largest Cathaya argyrophylla phytocommunity in the world, the highest bridge in Hunan province called Swan Mountain Bridge, Schwanenteich and Tangshi hotspring.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental Protection</h2><br>
<h3>Domestic Pollution</h3><br>
<p>By on-the-spot investigation and document searching, there are 50 thousand people living in the lake region, and every year about 913 thousand tons of domestic sewage is emitted. Besides, there are few sewage treatment plants, so mostly the sewage produced by restaurant industry is still directly emitted into the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Pollution Caused by Mining</h3><br>
<p>Chenzhou is rich in minerals such as gold, coal, nonferrous metal. And because the veins are very long, minerals have wide distribution areas and scatter in different mountains, it is somewhat difficult for people to manage it. Thus, disordered mining has become a serious problem, which destroys the ecological balance.</p><br>
<h3>Tourism Pollution</h3><br>
<p>With the rapid development of the environmental tourism, there are more and more people coming to Dongjiang Lake, which has also put a lot of pressure on the regional protection. Another crucial point is that with the increasing tourists, more and more restaurants have been opening, which worsens water pollution.</p><br>
<h2>Ticket</h2><br>
<p>According to the Chenzhou Municipal Price Bureau, the current price schedule (as of January 2015) is as follows:</p><br>
<h2>Specialty Food and Crafts</h2><br>
<p>Dog Brain Gong Cha is a kind of special tea in this area. Its name is closely related to a Chinese folklore. When Yan Emperor together with his dog came to this area, Yan Emperor picked and ate the fruit. However, the fruit is poisonous, the fruit put Yan Emperor in a coma. His dog saved his life by continuously dragging him to the foot of the mountain for several days. But his dog tired to death. Yan emperor also came to himself due to the dew which gathered on the leaves of the Camellia sinensis. Yan Emperor was so that that he named this mountain Dog Brain Mountain. Later, the local farmer developed a habit of using Dog Brain tea as a tribute to the emperors on the later dynasties.</p><br>
<p>Chuyun Fairy Tea</p><br>
<p>Chuyun Fairy Tea is a kind of high-quality black tea. In 2013, Chuyun Fairy Tea produced in Dongjiang area won the special prize in the China Tea Cup held by China Tea Science Society.</p><br>
<p>Xianlong Tea</p><br>
<p>Dongjiang Maojian Tea</p><br>
<p>Dongjiang Yinhao Tea</p><br>
<h3>Dongjiang Fish</h3><br>
<p>Dongjiang Fish is one of the four special products in Chenzhou. It is of high quality because of the water in Dongjiang Lake. The temperature of the water is 8-12 °C. Fish which grows in relatively cold water contains more protein and amino acid. Thus it contains higher nutrition.</p><br>
<p>Icefish</p><br>
<p>Mandarin fish</p><br>
<p>Milter</p><br>
<p>Crucian</p><br>
<p>Small dried fish</p><br>
<h3>Fruit</h3><br>
<p>Tangerine</p><br>
<p>Valencia orange</p><br>
<p>Ponkan—— another kind of tangerine</p><br>
<p>Navel orange</p><br>
<p>And many other kinds of seasonal fruit</p><br>
<h3>Bamboo Products</h3><br>
<p>Bamboo curtain</p><br>
<p>Figure-like bamboo carving</p><br>
<p>Bamboo penholder</p><br>
<p>Bamboo wall hanging</p><br>
<p>Bamboo toy</p><br>
<p>Bamboo chopsticks</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is a heritage-listed villa at 3 London Road, Clayfield, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robin Dods and built from 1896 onwards by Walls & Juster. It is also known as The Reid House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 December 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is a timber residence erected in 1896 for John Reid, principal of J C Hutton & Co., ham and bacon processors. It was the first substantial house designed by R S (Robin) Dods after his commencement in the Brisbane partnership of Hall and Dods from August 1896. Dods was a prolific, innovative and highly skilled architect whose work moved the Queensland timber house tradition forward. His work was influential and during his lifetime, the "Lyndhurst" design was published more often than any other of his domestic works.</p><br>
<p>In the mid 19th century the "Lyndhurst" site was included in a parcel of just under 30 acres alienated in 1858 by Theodore Franz of Kedron Brook. This land was subdivided in the late 1870s and again in the mid 1890s and following the second subdivision, John Reid acquired title in September 1896 to a block of 3 acres 18.8 perches with a frontage to London Road. Reid had come to Queensland from Victoria in 1882 and established the Zillmere bacon curing works north of Brisbane for JC Hutton & Co in about 1890. This facility was then the largest of its type in Australia. Reid was also associated with the Yangan cheese factory near Warwick (established 1893) and was Chairman of Directors of the Nambour sugar mill.</p><br>
<p>Robert Smith (Robin) Dods (1868–1920) was born in New Zealand. After living in Scotland in the early 1870s, the family moved to Brisbane after his fathers death. From the age of 11 he lived with his mother and stepfather, Dr C F Marks, on Wickham Terrace. In 1886, he returned to Scotland to study architecture, where he was articled with Hay and Henderson in Edinburgh. Completing his articles, Dods moved to London in 1890, where he worked for a number of architects, including the prestigious firm of Aston Webb and Ingress Bell. Dods training in London placed him amongst the third generation of Arts and Crafts-based architects, contemporary with Edwin Lutyens, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Frank Lloyd Wright. Central to his philosophy was a belief in developing a new architecture based on regional tradition, clearly expressed in his subsequent domestic work in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>In 1894 he returned to Brisbane for a years visit, during which time he and architect Francis Hall submitted a successful competition entry for the nurses home at the Brisbane Hospital. He returned to London, but came back to Brisbane in August 1896 to set up in partnership as Hall and Dods. Within the partnership, Dods was responsible for most of the design, while Hall concentrated on management. The practice was the most influential source of modern design in Brisbane, producing a wide range of accomplished buildings and was credited with achieving an "architectural revolution in Brisbane." Dods was able to integrate contemporary British design philosophies with the traditions of Queensland housing and the requirements of a subtropical climate, producing practical and attractive houses that were finely detailed and widely copied. The partnership was sustained until 1913, when Dods left to practice in Sydney. Soon after his move to Sydney World War I virtually stopped all building and Dods died prematurely in 1920.</p><br>
<p>John Reid commissioned Hall and Dods to design his Clayfield residence soon after the partnership was formed in August 1896, following earlier commissions with John Hall and Son to design Huttons Zillmere works and the Yangan cheese factory. Lyndhurst was Dods seventh domestic commission in Brisbane. Tenders were called on 5 September 1896 and the contract was let to Walls and Huster with a tender price of £1,007.</p><br>
<p>When completed, the Reid house faced northeast and was set well back from London Road with a gravel drive on the western side terminating in front of the house and sloping down to the road. Although it was unusual in Brisbane to do so, Dods also designed the front garden of the house. It was set out in three formal terraces and had garden stairs that led across a formal parterre to the lawn tennis court beyond. Hedges with topiary features were planted around the perimeter. Queen palms were planted either side of the entrance and weeping fig trees to the east side and rear. This garden was lost when the property was subdivided in 1945.</p><br>
<p>The timber-framed house, although derived from Queensland tradition, incorporated some important differences in planning, details and materials. The design was plain and the decoration, although sparingly used, was classically derived. An extreme roof pitch ensured that the roof was dominant, and the roof geometry was symmetrically arranged around a central axis. It was clad with terracotta Marseilles roofing tiles - an early use of this material in Queensland. However, the "symmetry" of the house was only implied, for in plan the central corridor was moved to one side to favour rooms with wider verandahs on the western side. The front verandah broke forward as a porch with a pedimented gable, giving protection to the stair. The pediment itself was cranked along the sides, reflecting a subtle change in pitch as the steep roof flattened out slightly over the verandahs. The verandah had turned balusters and 8" x 3" timber verandah posts with the wide face to the outside, subtle but unusual embellishments in Queensland. The design of the front stair was similarly unconventional, with an awning supported on verandah posts, and narrow projecting verandah elements flanking the stair, all of which were covered. The house had two tall rendered chimneys with concrete caps.</p><br>
<p>The whole house was raised on wooden stumps in the traditional Queensland fashion, but instead of a vertical batten skirt around the perimeter, the base was sheeted with hardwood weatherboards, relieved only by small vertical slits, with a gap for the ant caps just below floor bearer level. The effect was of a solid house firmly tied to the ground. Solidity was to become an identifying characteristic of all Dods&#39; buildings. The house design was published in the premier London architectural journal The Builder in 1906 and in Domestic Architecture in Australia by W Hardy Wilson in 1919.</p><br>
<p>The external sheeting of the front wall was of pine chamferboards, in conventional fashion, but the wall itself was unconventionally blank. With the exception of corner bay windows and the front door and sidelights, there were no other openings in the front elevation. At a subsequent date the corner bays were moved to the front, the central pediment porch was removed and two gables were constructed over the relocated bay windows.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the walls were sheeted with innovative narrow, vertically jointed pine boards and the ceilings with pressed metal of Art Nouveau design.</p><br>
<p>The service wing at the rear projected to the west at right angles to the main house, and contained kitchen, two pantries and a ground level washhouse. It had a blank wall to the street, relieved only by two oval-shaped windows to the kitchen itself, but opening onto a latticed verandah at the rear.</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst remained the Reid family home for nearly 25 years. Following John Reid&#39;s death in January 1919 his widow sold the property and in January 1921 the house, on a slightly reduced site, was transferred to David Rhoades of Brisbane, then a month later to Letitia Macdonald. Queensland Post Office Directories list William A Macdonald as a resident from 1921-22 until at least 1940, although a Mrs Buss is thought to have lived at Lyndhurst in the 1930s. A detached extension at the rear of the house was extant by 1929.</p><br>
<p>Following Mrs MacDonald&#39;s death in 1942, the house was transferred in 1945 to Richard and Gladys Lucas. They subdivided the property, separating the front garden and tennis court from the house and driveway (still off London Road). Lyndhurst was sold and title changed hands frequently from this period until acquired by Aitkin Investments in 1983. It is likely that the house and extension were converted to flats in the late 1940s or early 1950s, resulting in a number of alterations, including enclosing of the verandahs, cladding of the exterior walls with stucco coated fibrous cement, some additional interior partitioning and extensions to the rear addition. Turrawan Private Hospital (1930s) is on adjoining land and was sold to Uniting Healthcare in 1998. "Lyndhurst" may have become part of the property at that time. It was subsequently sold to the Presbyterian and Methodist Schools Association to be incorporated into Clayfield College, where it was redeveloped into an early childhood learning centre (opened 2008).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is not visible from the street and is located on a sloping site set well back from London Road. It is reached via a long concrete drive in the same location as the original gravel driveway.</p><br>
<p>The large, single-storey house has a timber frame elevated on timber stumps at the front and set close to the ground at the rear. The area beneath the house is enclosed with concrete blocks that have been rendered to match the exterior fibrous cement sheeting. A pair of narrow concrete stairs leads up to the two doors at the front of the house.</p><br>
<p>The roof is steeply pitched and composed of two large hips that are symmetrically arranged around a central axis through the front elevation and are clad in terracotta Marseilles pattern tiles. Twin gables, of a uniform roof pitch, project from the building&#39;s front elevation. The pediments of the gables are clad with fibrous cement sheeting and are decorated with wide timber battens. Two tall rendered chimneys with concrete caps are the only other visible elements on the vast roof. Part of the verandah roof on the eastern side of the house has been replaced with corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>The existing external walls of the house are clad with fibrous cement sheeting fitted to a timber frame that incorporates the original verandah posts. The original external walls, which are presently part of the buildings&#39; interior, are also clad with fibrous cement sheeting that may possibly be covering the original chamferboard. Where the verandah has been enclosed, a variety of windows have been installed.</p><br>
<p>Although alterations have been made, the original plan of the house can still be read and the form of most rooms remains substantially intact despite the introduction or alteration of door and window openings. Internally, most of the original rooms are lined in narrow vertically jointed pine boards, though some are clad in fibrous cement sheeting. The former drawing and dining rooms have picture rail and dado mouldings. In part of the former kitchen wing, narrow lining boards have only been used on one side of the wall, leaving the timber frame exposed. The ceilings in the former drawing and dining rooms are pressed metal, exhibiting rich designs together with a perimeter border. The ceilings to most of the other original rooms are also pressed metal, though simpler in design. The former timber lined soffits to the original verandah remain despite the enclosure of the verandah and the introduction of kitchen and bathroom facilities for the various flats. The former kitchen wing has painted pine ceiling boards. Timber floorboards exist throughout the house, which contains three open fireplaces, of which only those in the former dining and morning rooms have chimneypieces. The two simply moulded timber surrounds, which are presently painted, are similar in design although that in the dining room is larger.</p><br>
<p>Most of the original doors, many of which were French doors, have been removed with their hinges leaving open doorways. The original interior doors are of panelled timber with pressed metal push plates. Evidence of the original dark stained finish is evident under layers of paint. The bay windows are substantially intact despite having been relocated from the corner of both front rooms. A decorative internal timber fretwork grille is fitted to both of them.</p><br>
<p>A large two storeyed addition, which is not considered significant, has been constructed at the rear of the original house.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Lyndhurst was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 December 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is important in terms of Queensland&#39;s architectural history and in the development of the Queensland house. It is believed to be the earliest substantial residence designed by the influential partnership of Hall & Dods in 1896. Robert (Robin) Smith Dods is noted for the introduction of ideas on architectural design that were then current in the United Kingdom and integrating them with traditional Queensland forms and materials. His designs subsequently influenced Australian architecture. "Lyndhurst" is situated in an area where many fine homes, including others by Dods, were subsequently built and illustrates the development of Clayfield as a prestigious residential area.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is rare as an early example of Dods domestic work. Although he designed many houses, few, particularly of the size and quality of "Lyndhurst", survive.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As a residence designed shortly after his return from the United Kingdom, it is of particular interest in understanding the development of domestic design in Brisbane. Although it has sustained major alterations, it retains much of the original layout and characteristic features of his work.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is important for its association with the life and work of RS (Robin) Dods, an innovative and influential architect who made a major contribution to the development of housing design in Queensland. It is an early and influential example of his work, adapting Arts and Crafts design philosophy with the climactic constraints posed by sub tropical dwelling.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst is important for its association with the life and work of RS (Robin) Dods, an innovative and influential architect who made a major contribution to the development of housing design in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Tarranalma is a heritage-listed villa at 18 Tarranalma Avenue, Clayfield, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1890. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This two-storeyed brick house was built in 1890 for James Milne of the firm Smellie & Co. Although no architect is known, the house has many similarities to Verney by Richard Gailey.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, Milne offered Tarranalma as a possible replacement for Old Government House, but his price was too high and Fernberg in Paddington is now Queensland&#39;s Government House. In 1919, he sold the property to George Logan who was a prominent pastoralist. Originally it stood in some 12 acres (4.8 hectares) of grounds but from 1926 to 1929 Logan subdivided and sold off most of the property.</p><br>
<p>After the death of his widow Susan in 1963, the house was converted into seven flats. In 1984, Tarranalma was sold to its present owners who have restored it as a family home.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Tarranalma is a large two-storeyed house built in rendered brick with a corrugated iron roof. The house is surrounded by 8 feet (2.4 metres) wide verandahs on both floors, which are interrupted by four double-storey projecting bays featuring bow windows.</p><br>
<p>On the ground floor the square core contains the drawing, breakfast, dining and billiard rooms around a central hallway. The hallway leads to the substantial service wing which includes the kitchen, two large pantries, two bedrooms and a bathroom. A large staircase between the dining and billiard rooms leads to four large bedrooms which repeat the layout of the main rooms below. Above the service wing are five smaller bedrooms linked to the service rooms by a staircase at the far end of the wing.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Tarranalma was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As evidence of the confidence of the 1880s boom.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As characteristic of the large houses built on the hills to the northeast of the city and stylistically similar to contemporary houses such as Monte Video and Verney.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Hall is a heritage-listed former residence at 25 Enderley Road, Clayfield, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was first built in 1885 and redeveloped to a design by architect George Henry Male Addison. It is now part of St Rita&#39;s College. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This large masonry residence was erected -86 as a single-storeyed building for successful Brisbane produce dealer John William Forth. The house was remodelled and two-storeyed additions were constructed for the subsequent owner, Western Queensland pastoralist Herbert Hunter, in 1890.</p><br>
<p>The site was part of a larger parcel of land, comprising portions 86-90, parish of Toombul, first alienated by Brisbane businessman James Sutherland in 1858. Sutherland&#39;s interest in this property was purely speculative. He later subdivided portions 86 & 87 into four allotments, but in 1879 transferred the bulk of these subdivisions (approximately 23 acres) to Queensland pastoralist and politician, William Alcock Tully. Tully also acquired the property as an investment, and in 1881 sold subdivisions 3 & 4 of portions 86 & 87, comprising over 12.5 acres, to another Queensland pastoralist, politician and businessman, Charles Lumley Hill. This property was transferred in January 1885 to John William Forth, who subsequently erected Stanley Hall on the site.</p><br>
<p>John Forth and his wife Selina had arrived in Brisbane in May 1857, when in their early twenties, and had been associated with the development of Brisbane for close to thirty years before acquiring the Albion (now Clayfield) property. Forth built up a successful wholesale and retail produce business in Brisbane, and was alderman for the East Ward in 1882 and 1883. In the early 1880s, the family - which included 10 children by August 1880 - was resident on Wickham Terrace. Stanley Hall appears to have been erected for the Forth family in 1885-86.</p><br>
<p>The Forths resided only a short time at Stanley Hall. Clara Forth, their 20-year-old daughter, died there in 1886, and shortly after the family returned from a visit to Europe toward the end of the year, John Forth was killed while helping transplant trees in a paddock near his home, on 28 December 1886.</p><br>
<p>The property had been transferred to Selina Forth in April 1886, but after John&#39;s death the family moved back to Wickham Terrace in 1887, and let Stanley Hall to Brisbane sharebroker and commission agent John Wilson. In August 1888 the property was transferred to Herbert Hunter, who at the same time borrowed £6,000 from Selina Forth.</p><br>
<p>Hunter had emigrated from Scotland to Australia in 1863, when aged 27. He tried a variety of jobs, eventually gaining employment as a clerk on William Miles Dulacca sheep station, on the Condamine River near Roma. In 1866, Hunter married Miles daughter, Jessie, and ran Dulacca for his father-in-law for some years. Miles transferred to Hunter the lease of Redford station in the Maranoa district in the early 1870s, and Victoria Downs in the Warrego district by the mid-1870s. Hunter had disposed of Redford by the mid-1880s, but retained the vast consolidated run of Victoria Downs. Stanley Hall was purchased in 1888 as his town house.</p><br>
<p>A successful grazier and horse racing enthusiast, Hunter appears to have acquired Stanley Hall more for its proximity to the Eagle Farm Racecourse than for the house itself, which he subsequently redeveloped into the present grand residence. In 1889, he commissioned Brisbane architect GHM Addison to remodel the existing house and design extensive additions, at a cost of £3,550. The house was virtually re-built 1889-90, and an upper storey and tower were added, permitting views of the nearby racecourse, and across the Brisbane River to Moreton Bay. A gabled timber coachhouse and stables were erected near the house, and an extensive orchard was established, occupying the block now bounded by Enderley and Alexandra Roads and Florence and Craven Streets.</p><br>
<p>Hunter eventually sold Stanley Hall in 1910 to wealthy pastoralist Edward Goddard Blume, who owned a string of stations (principally sheep) throughout Queensland and New South Wales. Like Hunter, he owned several racehorses, and won a number of Melbourne and Caulfield cups. Blume was well known in Queensland social circles, and during the visit of the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII) to Brisbane in July 1920, entertained the Prince at Stanley Hall.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, Blume subdivided and sold off the bulk of the property, and in 1926 the house, on 4.5 acres of land, was sold to the Order of the Sisters of the Presentation in Queensland for £22,000. The Presentation Sisters operated a convent and primary school (St Rita&#39;s Convent School) on an adjacent site and converted Stanley Hill into a boarding school and secondary school for girls in September 1926. In subsequent years the school expanded, with the first new building erected in 1939. The attached, single-storeyed kitchen and service wing was demolished in 1968 to make way for a new classroom block, and the coachhouse and stables no longer survive. None of the post-1926 structures is included in the entry in the Heritage Register.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the house was converted into an administration centre with a heritage room devoted to the history of the Sisters and the College.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Stanley Hall is a substantial two-storeyed rendered masonry former residence located on the rise of Clayfield Heights. The building is located at the core of St Rita&#39;s College, overlooking a tree-lined entrance drive and front gardens to the north-east, and capturing expansive views to the north and the east.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Hall&#39;s complex form reflects its different stages of construction. The ground floor (1885–86) is oriented north-east, whilst the upper floor (1890) is orientated east west, creating another primary frontage for the building. The eastern elevation is asymmetrical and steps back to a single-storeyed bay to the south, with a two-storeyed bay at the northern end adjacent to an off-centre tower which rises to three storeys. The northern elevation is a more formal arrangement of two-storeyed bays flanking a now enclosed verandah. A ground floor timber verandah encircles the building. The corrugated iron roof comprises hipped roofs over bays projecting from central hipped roofs to the ground and first floors, and skillions to the verandahs. The tower has a crested mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>The building retains some of its rich ornamentation. The first floor bays on the northern frontage have single windows framed by pilasters, and are encircled with cornices, with a parapet with pediments above the windows. The two-storeyed parapeted bay to the eastern frontage has a (now enclosed) belvedere, with arched openings with imposts, extrados, keystones, small balustrades, and parapet with stepped cornice. The tower has rectangular windows to first floor level, surmounted by arched windows encircled in elaborately detailed Dutch gables. The Dutch gables have festooning and are interspersed with acroteria on pedestals. The tower makes a large footprint on the ground floor which frames the main entrance, and has arched openings with keystones.</p><br>
<p>The verandah which surrounds the building to north, east and partially to the west has timber boarded ceilings, fine lattice spandrels, and cast iron balustrades. It is supported on paired, chamfered posts with small curvilinear valances. On the northern frontage, substantial timber posts and bases with arched cast iron valances which are probably part of the 1885-86 building are located within the verandah.</p><br>
<p>Internally, Stanley Hall comprises grander rooms relating to the projecting bays at the ends of the building, interlinked by more modest and service rooms, accessed by central corridors on each level. The building contains finely crafted elements throughout. The centrally located main entrance has fine stained glass surrounds with a hibiscus motif. The entrance hall opens onto an impressive cedar staircase with richly turned and carved balusters and newels, and fine timber panels. The corridors to the ground floor have fluted cedar panels to dado level, and panelled cedar doors. The former dining room to the south has a fireplace with a richly carved timber mantelpiece, and fine hand-painted tiled hearth. The Drawing Room to the north has an arcade which separates a central rectangular space from peripheral pocket spaces formed by the projecting bays. The arcades have cast iron column on cedar-encased bases with floriated capitals, and extrados and keystones to the arches. The drawing room fireplace has richly carved surrounds. The "Prince of Wales" room immediately behind the Drawing Room has a marble mantelpiece, and tall timber doors opening onto the verandah. Amongst the ground floor service rooms is a former strong room which contains a substantial cast iron safe. The first floor contains bedrooms, and a former bathroom with an access hatch to the tower; these rooms command an excellent view of Eagle Farm.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Hall retains much of its earlier ironmongery, including push plates and locks which are more richly ornamented in living areas of the building and more plain in service areas.</p><br>
<p>The grounds of Stanley Hall to the north-east contain mature trees including camphor laurels, jacarandas, figs, palms, and several species of pines, which mark the boundaries, line the driveway and intersperse the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Stanley Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Hall survives as a substantially intact grand residence of the late 1880s and early 1890s in Brisbane. It was associated with two prominent Queensland pastoralists for over 35 years, and as their lavish town residence, well illustrates Queensland&#39;s former economic dependence on the pastoral industry.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Hall survives as a substantially intact grand residence of the late 1880s and early 1890s in Brisbane. It was associated with two prominent Queensland pastoralists for over 35 years, and as their lavish town residence, well illustrates Queensland&#39;s former economic dependence on the pastoral industry.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Hall has a picturesque external form which reflects the stages of its construction and particular interests of its former owners, and contains some finely crafted internal elements. It is a fine example of the work of Brisbane architect GHM Addison.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Since 1926, the place has been associated with the work of the Catholic Church in female secondary education in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Waisenhaus  is the last remaining building of the Oetenbach nunnery, and houses today the police departement of the city of Zürich in Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Waisenhaus building is situated at Bahnhofquai 3 towards Bahnhofbrücke and Hautbahnhof Zürich. Built in fact outside of the historical core of the medieval town of Zürich, previously the Celtic-Roman Turicum, the former Zucht- und Waisenhaus is the last remaining structure of the Oetenbach nunnery at the Lindenhof-Silhlbühl hill on the western shore of the Limmat river.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the Reformation in Zürich, the city government took over the monastic buildings for new uses. To manage the income of the former convent, the former administration building was held as Oetenbacheramt housing the former wine cellar. In 1601 the building was extensively remodeled and equipped with stepped gables, and as police barracks, in 1872 the remains of wall paintings were discovered. After a renovation in 1735 the south facade was in 1776 redesigned with a simple baroque, and an additional ceiling was set up and a second floor. From 1799 to 1802 the church buildings were among others used as a military hospital. Already between 1637 and 1639 the ground floor was used as an orphanage in the north, in the west wing a prison was set up in the former dormitories of the nuns. In 1771 the orphans were held in the newly built orphanage in the former monasterys garden, and the north and west wings were extensively needed to be rebuilt as a penitentiary and workhouse, separating the prison from the new orphanage. The former orphanage today serves as the official Stadthaus I at the present Waisenhausstrasse, meaning orphary lane. In 1903 the adjoint Oetenbachbollwerk bastion was broken as the last structure of the citys fortifications. The subsequent so-called Gedecktes Brüggli served as a pedestrian bridge, and was broken in 1953.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings was rebuilt for a last time between 1868 and 1878, and probably the present Giacometti entrance area in 1890, and the last original structures of the Oetenbach nunnery may have been removed by as original 1901 plans by Ferdinand Curti and Hermann Fietz suggest. The lack of space and the separation of prisoners by criminal categories ordered by the then new criminal law, ininiated the design and construction of a new detention center for modern principles, and so in the night of 8 to 9 October 1901, the prisoners were moved to the new prison Pöschwies in Regensdorf. In the same year, the remaining monastery area passed into the possession of the city of Zürich. The reminaing Oetenbach building were broken in 1901/02, but the Waisenhaus, meaning orphanage, was preserved in favor of an administrative center, that in 1904/1905 took place at the former Sihlbühl which then was separated by the easternly Uraniastrasse and the building complex housing the Urania Sternwarte.</p><br>
<p>The building remained unused until 1911, and when the Stadthaus was rebuillt and the neighbouring Amthaus buildings were erected by Gustav Gull it became the present headquarters of the police department of the city of Zürich, meaning in German Stadtpolizei Zürich.</p><br>
<h2>Giacometti Halle</h2><br>
<p>Gustav Gull integrated the Stadhaus building between 1911 and 1914 in the Urania complex, and the former cellar at the entrance floor of the Waisenhaus building was redesigned on behalf of Emil Klöti by Augusto Giacometti between 1923 and 1925 with vault and wall paintings, which are considered as a work of art of national importance. On occasion of the total renovation of the office building, the so-called Giacometti Halle was extensively renovated from 1985 to 2000.</p><br>
<p>Zürich - Schipfe IMG 0277.jpgSihlbühl area of the former Oetenbach nunnery</p><br>
<p>Amthaus I (Waisenhaus) - Bahnhofquai-Uraniastrasse 2011-08-01 15-38-34 ShiftN.jpg</p><br>
<p>Amthäuser - Waisenhaus - Limmatquai 2012-09-27 15-17-08.jpg</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage of national importance</h2><br>
<p>The building and Augusto Giacometti&#39;s fresco are, as part of the building ensemble at that area, listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class A object of national importance.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Reigne Abergg: Von den mittelalterlichen Klöstern zur Stadtverwaltung. Fraumünsterabtei und Oetenbachkloster. Published by Baugeschichtliches Archiv, Neumarkt, Zürich 2009.</p><br>
<p>The County Line School and Lodge is a historic multifunction community building in rural western Fulton County, Arkansas. It stands at the junction of County Roads 115 and 236, just east of the county line with Baxter County, west of the small community of Gepp. It is a vernacular two story wood frame structure with a gable roof and a cast stone foundation. The ground floor houses a school room, and the upper floor was used for meetings of the County Line Masonic Lodge. It was built c. 1879, and was one of the first community buildings to be built in the area. Intended to actually stand astride the county line , a later survey determined it lies a few feet within Fulton County. The building was used as a school until 1948, when the local school systems were consolidated.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, at which time it was still in use by the Masons.</p><br>
<p>Lindenhof is the present name of the probably Helvetii oppidum on the Lindenhof hill on the western shore of the Limmat in Zürich.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Lindenhof is a moraine hill that since the European Middle Ages is used as a public square, situated amidst the historic center of Zürich. It was the site of the Roman and Carolingian era Kaiserpfalz around which the modern city has historically grown. The hilltop area including its prehistoric, Celtic, Roman and medieval remains, therefore dominates the historical center alongside the easterly Limmat riverbank and the historical Schipfe quarter. Its northern part, where the former medieval Oetenbach nunnery was built at the site of a prehistoric cultic place at the present Uraniastrasse road, is called Sihlbühl, meaning the slope towards the Sihl river delta. At the same place, the Urania Sternwarte and Waisenhaus Zürich were built in 1901/02, and therefore important historical archaeaological excavations never were done. To the south, near the St. Peter church hill, there was another cultic construction towards Münsterhof, and in the west, the hill is limited by the today&#39;s Rennweg—Bahnhofstrasse lanes, the site of the Helvetii accommodation and artisan district. The now largely flattened Lindenhof area elevates at 428 m above sea level, and rises about 25 m above the level of the Limmat at Schipfe—Limmatquai.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistory</h3><br>
<p>At the flat shore of Zürichsee, there are Neolithic and Bronze Age (4500 to 850 BC) finds, most of them related to the lakeside settlements Kleiner Hafner and Grosser Hafner (both small former islands west of Sechseläutenplatz, near Bauschänzli at the Stadthausquai, and Alpenquai at the Bürkliplatz square. Lindenhof then was largely surrounded by water: until the early medieval area, the neighboring Münsterhof area was a swampy, by the Sihl river delta flooded hollow, so that Lindenhof hill was an optimal location for early probably fortified settlements.</p><br>
<h3>La Tène Culture</h3><br>
<p>For the 1st century BC (La Tène culture), archaeologists excavated individual and aerial finds of the Celtic oppidum, whose remains were discovered in archaeological campaigns in the years 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2007 on Lindenhof and Rennweg, and also in the 1900s but mistakenly identified as Roman objects. Not yet archaeological proven but suggested by the historians, as well for the first construction of the today&#39;s Münsterbrücke Limmat crossing, the present Weinplatz square was the former civilian harbour of the Celtic-Roman Turicum, and so the term Weinplatz may have kept its ancient meaning wine square.</p><br>
<h3>Vicus Turicum</h3><br>
<p>In 15 BC, Augustus stepsons Drusus and later Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero integrated the territory on the easterly Zürichsee lake shore into the Roman provinces Raetia and Germania Superior. Several stone buildings from the Roman period were located on and surrounding the hill. It was part of the small vicus Turicum, located on both banks of the Limmat, and connected by a Roman bridge located near the present Rathausbrücke–Weinplatz. Turicum, Zürichs Roman and maybe Celtic name, is engraved on a 2nd-century AD tombstone of a little boy. It was found on 15 May 1747, at Pfalzgasse lane leading to the St. Peter church, and refers to the Roman STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis). Using the advantage of the local topography, the Roman military built a citadel on top of the hill in the years of the Roman emperor Valentinian I (364–375), to defend migrations from the north by the Alamanni. 4,500 sqm large, it was fitted with 10 towers and 2 m wide walls.</p><br>
<h3>Gallo-Roman settlement</h3><br>
<p>Probably in 5th to the 7th century AD, the hilltop leveled fort became the retaining wall of the growing Gallo-Roman settlement, and so gave the Lindenhof terrace largely its current form. The remains of the Roman Castra were used as the center of the later fortification of the historical center of Zürich. Significant parts of the lime mortar and ancient castle wall are integrated into the town houses around the Lindenhof and in a Pfalz. The Gallo-Roman remains existed until the early European Middle Ages, when a Carolingian, later Ottonian Pfalz (1054) was built on its remains. This Kaiserpfalz was a long building with a chapel on the eastern side of the still fortified hill; it is last mentioned in 1172, and was derelict by 1218, when its remains were partly scavenged for construction of the city walls and stone masonry on private houses.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic lodge Modestia cum Libertate (MCL) bought in 1851 the so-called Paradies building, where coins, stove tiles and other artefacts from the Celtic, Roman and medieval times were found. The Celtic and Roman remains and foundation stones can be seen in the so-called Lindenhofkeller on its own risk by contacting Baugeschichtliches Archiv situated at Neumarkt, Zürich.</p><br>
<h2>Finds</h2><br>
<h3>Grosser Hafner sanctuary</h3><br>
<p>During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, a round wooden temple as an island sanctuary was built at the Grosser Hafner island. The building was erected in 122 AD, and consisted of oak piles driven deep into the lake bottom, surrounded probably with walls made of perishable materials, which formed a circle of 7 m in diameter. The rotunda is located on the former island settlement, about 500 m away from the Vicus Turicum. The archaeological material indicates that the facility sure may was used up in the 3rd century AD, even up in the 4th century AD by the Gallo-Roman population. On the one hand, the interpretation as the temple is based on the insularity and the design, on the other hand on finds of coins; the majority of the now nearly 90 coins probably are from a so far not proven predecessor building, probably from the third quarter of the 1st century AD. An island sanctuary of the Helvetii in connection with the 1st century BC settlement oppidum may be assumed.</p><br>
<h3>Potin coin lumps</h3><br>
<p>On the occasion of construction works at the Alpenquai site, investigation conducted by probes and probing ditches occurred in 1970. Despite the dredging for the construction of the Seequai between 1916 and 1919, an amazingly big area of approximately 2.8 hectare with two cultural layers was preserved. Both, the upper and the lower cultural layer, were separated by an about 10 cm cm thick layer of lake marl composed of several layers of different materials. There were found pile shoes at different altitudes in the cultural layers and rich bar decoration of ceramics occurred exclusively in the lower layer, while the decoration on cannelure groups was limited to the upper layer, as well as some graphite-decorated fragments. So-called Potin lumps, those largest weights 59.2 kg, where found at Alpenquai in 1890. They consist of a large number of fused Celtic coins, which are mixed with charcoal remnants. Some of the about 18,000 coins originate from the Eastern Gaul, others are of the Zürich type, that were assigned to the local Helvetii, and date to around 100 BC. The find is so far unique, and the scientific research assumes that the melting down of the lumps was not completed, therefore the aim was to form cultic offerings. The site of the find was at that time at least 50 m from the lake shore, and probably 1 m to 3 m deep in the water.</p><br>
<h3>Individual finds</h3><br>
<p>In the excavation of November 2007 under the guidance of Margrit Balmerm, there were found well plates that were used by the Celts for making money. The researchers believe that in the wells, small amounts of metal were melt and the metal blanks produced thereby, and the planchets were later used for coinage. The 1st century BC inhabitants of the Celtic Zürich therefore lived in a settlement Turicum that ware was more significant than assumed before. So also a v-shaped Celtic ditch was diggen out, which was discovered a few years ago at the site of the former Oetenbach nunnery, that was probably not an extern but an inner moat. This finding is important because the Celts of the late LaäTène period divided their settlements with trenches in different zones. As in other Celtic settlements, hthis moat marks artisans&#39; quarter, a lodging for the nobilitas, cult districts and public spaces. Emil Vogt assumed in the 1960s for traces of an early Roman military system, which he put into context with the Roman Alps campaigns in the year 15 v. Chr., and so the Celtic finds in the beginning have been classified as Roman findst. On occasions of the renovations at Rennweg, archaeologists discovered in 1989 for the first time traces of a Celtic settlement. The significance of the findings was recognized, however, only when in sewer rehabilitation remains of Celtic buildings a few years later have been found. Since then, archaeologists have made further discoveries during excavations at the foot of the Lindenhof hill, whose scientific evaluation proves the Celtic settlement. Recent discoveries set older finds in a new light, and the interpretation of the research is still not succeeded, and therefore old finds will be re-interpreted.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage site of national significance</h2><br>
<p>The hillside area is listed as in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance, including the remains of its prehistoric, Roman and medieval settlements respectively buildings as a Class A object.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Margrit Balmerm, Luisa Bertolaccini, Sabine Deschler-Erb, Stefanie Jacomet, Michael Nick, Hortensia von Roten, Katharina Schmid-Ott, Gisela Thierrin-Michael, Alexander Voûte, Dölf Wild, Werner Wild. Zürich in der Spätlatène- und frühen Kaiserzeit: Vom keltischen Oppidum zum römischen Vicus Turicum. Monographien der Kantonsarchäologie Zürich 39 (2009), Dissertation von Margrit Balmgern, Universität Bern (Prof. S. Martin-Kilcher), Zürich 2009.</p><br>
<p>Dölf Wild: Die Zürcher City unter Wasser. Interaktion zwischen Natur und Mensch in der Frühzeit Zürichs. Stadt Zürich, Archäologie und Denkmalpflege 2006–2008.</p><br>
<p>Margrit Balmer, Stefanie Martin-Kilcher, Dölf Wild: Kelten in Zürich. Der Ursprung der Stadt in neuem Licht - Stadtgeschichte und Städtebau in Zürich. In: Schriften zu Archäologie, Denkmalpflege und Stadtplanung, Voluma 2. Published by Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Zürich 2001.</p><br>
<p>Chase Library is the public library of West Harwich, Massachusetts. It is located at 7 Main Street, in a small architecturally distinguished Colonial Revival building constructed in 1911. Efforts to build a library in West Harwich began in 1901, and reached fruition in 1906, with the gift of the home of Caleb Chase, a Harwich native who was son of a major local shipowner and shipbuilder and a successful businessman in his own right. The house, however, was not suitable for housing a library, so Dr. John Nickerson donated a corner of his large property that was near Chase&#39;s house for the purpose, and the present building, a small three-bay wood frame hip-roof building was constructed there.</p><br>
<p>The library building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Texas and Pacific Passenger Depot is an historic train station, located in Bunkie, Louisiana.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Texas and Pacific Railway established a station on the main line at Bunkie in 1882. A town formed around it as a shipping point for cotton and cotton-related industries such as cotton seed oil production. The current depot, built in 1911, is not the original freight depot, but is the only existing reminder of the importance of the railway to the founding of Bunkie.</p><br>
<p>The 1911 depot is a two-story brick building alongside the railroad tracks in downtown Bunkie. Of no particular architectural style, the building sits on a heavily stuccoed dado and has a distinctive bay window overlooking the tracks. It is one of only three remaining larger multi-story urban train depots in Louisiana built in the early 20th century, the others are the Central Railroad Station in Shreveport, and the Kansas City Southern Depot in DeQuincy.</p><br>
<h2>Later years</h2><br>
<p>Though the building has gone through several changes over the years, it remains easily identifiable as a train depot. The depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It was remodeled in 2001 and houses a small railroad museum and the headquarters of the Bunkie Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>Valluga is a high mountain in the Lechtal Alps. The border between the Austrian states Tyrol and Vorarlberg runs over the summit. It is about 3 km north of the village St. Christoph am Arlberg and the Arlberg Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Vallugabahn</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Valluga is accessible by an aerial tramway called Vallugabahn. This consists of two parts:</p><br>
<p>Vallugabahn 1 has its valley station at 2091 m and its upper station at 2648 m.</p><br>
<p>Vallugabahn 2 has its lower station at 2642 m and its top station at 2811 m.</p><br>
<h2>Other infrastructures</h2><br>
<p>In summer 2006 a C-band weather radar operated by Austro Control was installed on top of Valluga.</p><br>
<p>Valluga hosts some amateur radio infrastructures: a 2-meter band amateur radio repeater (uplink 145.6875 MHz, Downlink 145.0875 MHz) and a packet radio digipeater. Both have a common callsign OE7XVR. Between 2004 and 2010 there was also an amateur television repeater (callsign OE7XSI) with interlinks other repeaters in Austria, Switzerland and Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Ascents from alpine club huts:</p><br>
<p>From Ulmer Hütte (2285 m) in two hours.</p><br>
<p>From Stuttgarter Hütte (2310 m) in two and a half hours.</p><br>
<p>Ascents from settlements:</p><br>
<p>From Zürs (1717 m) in four hours.</p><br>
<p>The Larimore House is a historic residence and school in Florence, Alabama. The house was built as a residence for Theophilus Brown Larimore, and served as the center of a school, known as Mars Hill College. The school operated from 1871 until 1887, and Larimore lived in the house until his wifes death in 1907. His son, Virgil, lived in the house until 1946, when it was acquired by the Lauderdale County Bible School, which opened in the house in 1947. The schools name changed to Mars Hill Bible School in 1951, and the house still stands at the entrance to campus.</p><br>
<p>The house features Victorian influences, and has a nearly full-width, double-height veranda across the façade, supported by six square columns. The front entrance is flanked by pairs of four-over-four sash windows with Gothic-influenced arched tops; the windows are repeated on each side of the house. The upper floor has single six-over-six sashes. The house has a center-hall plan with two rooms on either side of a central hall on each floor. Two interior chimneys lead to six fireplaces with hand-carved mantels.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Ralahyne is a heritage-listed villa at 40 Enderley Road, Clayfield, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Henry Male Addison and built in 1888 and extended in 1904 to a design by Hall and Dods. It is also known as East View, Huntington, and Koojarewon. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single storeyed timber residence was built in 1888 for Robert Gray, the then under colonial secretary. It was designed by prominent architect George HM Addison and replaced a small four-roomed house on the site.</p><br>
<p>The 8 acre (3.2 hectare) property was called "East View" until 1892 then Koojarewon until 1900 and then Huntington. Gray became Commissioner of Railways in 1889 and died in 1902.</p><br>
<p>The property was bought by Ada Laird who lived there with her husband until 1907. In 1904 the Lairds engaged the firm of Hall & Dods to undertake alterations and additions to the house valued at over £1000. Huntington was sold to Annie Millar in 1907 and renamed Nowranie. The Millars lived there until 1918 when it was sold to Ruby Winten. In 1920 the property was bought by Henrietta Watson who renamed it Ralahyne. It remained in the Watson family until 1985 when it was sold to the present owners. The property has been subdivided several times.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Ralahyne is a single-storey timber building with a hipped roof of corrugated iron. The house is built side onto the street, with the front facade facing eastward across the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The southern elevation, which faces the street, consists of a long servants&#39; wing which joins the dining room at the eastern end. The dining room is marked by a faceted projected bay. The eastern, or front elevation, is dominated by a wide verandah which features cast-iron balustrading and frieze panels. Twin bays, discernible only by their faceted hips in the roofline, project onto the verandah.</p><br>
<p>The northern elevation has two faceted projecting bays, one on either end, joined by a verandah similar to that along the front. At the western, or rear elevation, the ends of the northern and service wings are linked by a verandah enclosed with shutters to form a large ballroom which has a domed ceiling and skylights. This forms a shallow courtyard, the remnant of a much deeper one which once existed.</p><br>
<p>Timber ceilings are found in most rooms, the dining room featuring a coffered example with moulded beams. The drawing room has a carrara marble fireplace and two fluted columns which mark the beginning of the projecting bay. Substantial cedar joinery, including mantelpieces, is found throughout.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ralahyne was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As an expression of the confidence in the 1880s boom and the future of its owner in the public service.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As an example of the large houses built on the hills to the northeast of the city and of the increasing use of timber and iron for these houses.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>As a showcase for the design possibilities of timber, both in external features and interior decoration.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>As a showcase for the design possibilities of timber, both in external features and interior decoration.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>For its association with architects GHM Addison and Robin Dods.</p><br>
<p>The John F. Bretz House and Warehouse are a pair of historic buildings located at 1113 North Fifth Street in Springfield, Illinois. The house was built circa 1886 for contractor John F. Bretz. Bretz was Springfields supervisor of city streets for several periods in the 1870s and 1880s, and he also completed several city projects as a private contractor. He played an important role in the construction of Springfields sewer system, and he began paving the city&#39;s streets in brick rather than wood. His house has a Queen Anne design featuring a wraparound front porch with a balustrade, decorative shingle siding, and metal crests along the roof. The two-story brick warehouse, located behind the house, was used by Bretz for his contracting work.</p><br>
<p>The house and warehouse were added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Perciphull Campbell House is a historic home located near Union Grove in Iredell County, North Carolina. The house was built about 1820, and is a two-story, frame I-house dwelling. It has a gable roof, stone foundation, and exterior chimneys with stuccoed brick stacks. Also on the property is the contributing smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Perciphull Campbell House, located above Hunting Creek in the rolling hills near the northern edge of Iredell County, is an undisturbed example of the solid but unpretentious Piedmont Carolina dwelling of the type sometimes labelled "I-House".</p><br>
<p>Probably built circa 1820, the Campbell House is a two-story, gable-roofed frame building on dry-laid stone foundation. The exterior stone chimneys have stuccoed brick stacks. The 3x2 bay main body of the house is complemented by a shed porch across the front and shed rooms across the rear. Both front and rear doors are replacements, but the windows still retain 6/6 sash. The front porch is nicely detailed with flush siding, bold champfered posts with lambs&#39; tongues, and molded railing.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house follows a hall and parlor plan. There was once a partition creating a center hall. The walls of the interior are flush sheathed. Each of the two downstairs has a massive fireplace with transitional Georgian/Federal Style mantel. While the mantels differ somewhat in detail, each is segmentally arched above the firebox and has side pilasters, a paneled frieze, and a heavy multi-layered shelf which is blocked outward at each corner and in the center. These mantels bear a strong similarity to the one found at the John R. Campbell House, located about one and a half miles west of the Perciphull Campbell House. A partially enclosed stairway winds from the right hand room upward to the second story. The second story consists of one large room covered with hand-planed, random-width sheathing. The only interior alterations consist primarily of linoleum-covered floors downstairs and plywood paneling and tile ceiling in the left-hand first story room.</p><br>
<p>Several related structures are found west of the house. Of particular interest is the smoke-house, which probably dates from the same period as the house. This weather-boarded structure features a gable roof with deep overhang on the front end and a batten door with the same type of strap hinges as those found in the house. On the side closest to the house is a stone well. Northwest of the well is a frame corn crib which appears to be of later date than the house. In an open field across the road is a frame tenant building of the late 19th-earlly 20th century era.</p><br>
<p>Near the south end of the property runs Hunting Creek. A modern bridge on SR 1832 now crosses the creek, but in earlier years a covered bridge had been at the site. Just east of the bridge was the Perciphull Campbell grist mill, which is no longer standing.</p><br>
<p>Long associated with the Perciphull Campbell House are several outbuildings, at least one of which (a smokehouse) appears to date from the approximate time of the houses construction. There has, in addition, been a long association between the house and a gristmill which was located on the northern side of Hunting Creek just across the small country road which is now SR 132. As early as 1800 a tub mill was being operated on or near this site by John Campbell. In 1850 and 1860 a mill was being operated on this site by Perciphull Campbell, Jr. This mill continued in operation until well into the twentieth century, being indicated as "Campbells Mill" at least as late as 1917. The mill remained standing until the 1930s, located just beneath a covered bridge which formerly spanned Hunting Creek at this point.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Perciphull Campbell House, probably built in the 1910s or 1920s for Perciphull and Sarah Campbell and their eight children, exemplifies early 19th century vernacular architectural patterns of Iredell County and Piedmont North Carolina. The form of the house—with gable roof, exterior end chimneys, and front shed porch and rear shed rooms—embodies the type labelled "Carolina I-house" by geographer Fred Kniffen. The massive chimneys are of local stone irregularly laid, as are the low foundations. The interior of the house follows the typical vernacular hall-parlor plan, plus shed rooms, and finish is simple but well-preserved. Notable outbuildings complete the farm complex including an early smokehouse, stone well, and corn crib. The complex communicates in its unpainted condition much of the character of typical antebellum Piedmont farms that made up the agrarian economy of this region in North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>Perciphull Campbell, Sr., was one of several Campbells who settled in the northern portion of Iredell County by the last decade of the eighteenth century; and he and his wife (Sarah Elizabeth Cook) had already begun a family that would eventually include five sons and three daughters. As early as the mid-1790s, Campbell had begun to accumulate prime lands along Hunting Creek, with two purchases at this time totaling 300 acre. Over the next forty years these land holdings were to become quite extensive. By 1815, Campbell&#39;s local prominence was evidenced by his being chosen as one of four commissioners appointed by the North Carolina legislature to lay off the newly created town of Williamsburg—the second town to be incorporated in Iredell County. It is also known that Campbell was performing marriages in the northern portion of the county during the 1820s, although it is not known whether he was acting as a minister of the gospel or (more likely) a justice of the peace. During the 1910s and 1820s Campbell added considerably to his land holdings along Hunting Creek; and his purchases during the latter decade, together with architectural evidence, suggest that the residence known as the Perciphull Campbell House was constructed during that period.</p><br>
<p>Evidence indicates, however, that Perciphull Campbell, Sr., did not remain long in the house which bears his name. On September 5, 1836, he purchased 750 acre of land "on Big Rocky Creek" to the south of his former residence; and the recited consideration of $4,000 indicates that the property was extensively improved at the time of its purchase. It was at this second residence that the elder Campbell established himself as a moderately prosperous planter, having acquired 21 slaves by 1850. Here it is that he died on June 6, 1853, his will referring to his land "on the Waters of Rocky Creek including the House that I now live in."</p><br>
<p>Presumably since the elder Campbells move to Rocky Creek in the 1830s, the home place on Hunting Creek was occupied by the second and most trusted of his five sons, Perciphull Campbell, Jr. (born August 18, 1792). The younger Perciphull Campbell was named co-executor of his fathers estate and continued to occupy the Hunting Creek property after the death of his father on June 6, 1853. There, with his wife Tabitha Morgan and their five children, Perciphull Campbell, Jr., established himself as a planter on a somewhat smaller scale than his father. In 1850 he was listed as the holder of ten slaves and the owner of 570 acre, 200 of which were improved and 370 unimproved. The total cash value of the farm was put at $2,185. Principal crops were wheat, rye, oats, and corn, with the last of these heavily predominating.</p><br>
<p>On October 22, 1862, Perciphull Campbell, Jr. died, leaving, like his father before him, an estate which was long enmeshed in a web of legal uncertainty and complexity. All evidence indicates that the home place on Hunting Creek was now occuped by his widow, Tabitha, and the family of his son, L.V. Campbell. Already by 1850, L.V. Campbell had been listed as the owner of three slaves in his own right, in addition to the ten slaves owned by his father. Tabitha Campbell died on September 29, 1879, leaving the home place in the sole possession of her son. But L.V. Campbell died intestate May 20, 1888, once again leaving the Hunting Creek home place in a condition of legal limbo. His estranged widow, M.E. Campbell, and their two children, W. B. and Alice Campbell, were long engaged in disputes concerning the property. The widow, M. E. Campbell, apparently lived out the remainder of her life in the house, but it was Alice Campbell who at length came into possession of the house, and who continued to live there for nearly half a century longer. It was she who was indicated as the "Miss Campbell" living in the house when a detailed map of Iredell County was rendered in 1917.</p><br>
<p>On December 4, 1935, Alice Campbell conveyed the Perciphull Campbell home place and 139 acre of associated property to one L.C. Henderson, with a provision that she be permitted to occupy and enjoy the profits of the property for the remainder of her natural life. In less than two months, however, on 21 January 1936, she passed away in the eighty-first year of her age. At her death the Percipull Campbell home place passed forever from the Campbell family possession. The owner in 1980 was Margaret Mahaffy Cass.</p><br>
<p>The Brown-Pilsbury Double House is a historic two-family house at 188-190 Franklin Street in Bucksport, Maine, United States. Built c. 1808, it is an architecturally distinctive and regionally rare example of an early 19th-century wood frame duplex. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, finished in wooden clapboards, with a granite foundation and a side gable roof, and is set on a lot at the southeast corner of Franklin and MacDonald Streets. A single-story gabled ell, probably of 19th-century construction, extends to the rear of the building from the eastern unit. There is an entry with Federal styling at the center of the north facade, but this is believed to be a late 19th-century alteration. The two units of the duplex are entered through entrances on the eastern and western facades, the eastern one with a Federal style surround and the western one with a later Greek Revival treatment.</p><br>
<p>The interiors of the two units are nearly identical in their layout. Both have a narrow vestibule with a winding staircase leading to the second floor, with doors leading to the basement, kitchen (on the north side) and parlor (on the south). The kitchens have large hearths with original beehive ovens, and the parlors feature finely-carved Federal style fireplace surrounds. The attic of the building is distinctive, consisting originally of a single large barrel-vaulted space behind the chimneys. It is believed this space may have been used as a Masonic Lodge meeting hall; it has since been divided between the units.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1808 for business partners John Hillyard Brown and Moody Pilsbury, both natives of New Hampshire. Both men were active in the civic and economic activity of the community, and were known to be involved in the local Masonic Lodge. Both were apparently financially ruined by the embargoes surrounding the War of 1812. One side of the house served for a time as a parsonage for the nearby Methodist church.</p><br>
<p>Allonby Bay is a crescent-shaped bay of the Solway Firth on the north-western shore of Cumbria, United Kingdom. The bay is approximately five-and-a-half miles  across. Its northern point is at Dubmill, between the village of Mawbray and the hamlet of Salta, and its southern end is just to the north of Maryport, near the village of Crosscanonby. The B5300 coast road follows the shoreline of Allonby Bay, running between Silloth-on-Solway in the north and Maryport in the south.</p><br>
<p>As an inlet of the Solway Firth, Allonby Bay is also part of the Irish Sea. The bay is named for the village of Allonby, which sits roughly in the centre of the shoreline.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and conservation</h2><br>
<p>Allonby Bay has a five-mile stretch of beach which was awarded the coveted blue flag in 2005. However, following water quality tests in 2012, Allonby Bay was on the verge of losing its blue flag status, which caused much concern in Allonby itself, as the village relies on tourism as a major source of income.</p><br>
<p>Near the northern end of Allonby Bay is Salta Moss. This area is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest within the Solway Coast AONB, and includes some rare plant and animal specimens, including the bog bean Menyanthus trifoliata, and Britain&#39;s only native venomous snake, the adder.</p><br>
<p>Several streams and becks enter the Solway Firth at Allonby Bay, including many fed by irrigation channels. One such example is the Black Dub, which flows into Allonby Bay at Dubmill.</p><br>
<p>The Lake District Coast Aquarium in nearby Maryport hosts a variety of aquatic life native to Allonby Bay, and has been a popular tourist attraction in the area since it opened in 1997.</p><br>
<h3>Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty</h3><br>
<p>Allonby Bay is in the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It comprises a large part of the AONB&#39;s southern section, which runs from just north of the hamlet of Beckfoot to the southern tip of Allonby Bay near Crosscanonby.</p><br>
<h3>Marine Conservation Zone</h3><br>
<p>In 2016, Allonby Bay was made a Marine Conservation Zone. The MCZ covers a 9km stretch of coast and 40 square kilometres of Irish Sea.</p><br>
<p>As with other Marine Conservation Zones, the initial absence of a management plan caused some concern.</p><br>
<p>The stated objectives of the Zone were to maintain sub-tidal sediments and sands (important spawning and nursery grounds for plaice, skate and thornback rays) as well as the reefs of the honeycomb worm (sabellaria alveolata).</p><br>
<p>MCZ status was expected to give protection to some vulnerable marine creatures which live in the bay, particularly in the area off Dubmill Point known as Dubmill Scar, and the southern part of the bay nearest to Maryport.</p><br>
<h3>Honeycomb worm</h3><br>
<p>Reefs constructed by honeycomb worms host a variety of other marine life. Allonby Bay, which is at the northern edge of the species´ range, has good examples of such reefs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On Salta Moss, a Bronze Age rapier was discovered in the 1980s, and now resides at the Tullie House museum in Carlisle. Archaeological expeditions in and around the small communities along Allonby Bay have found evidence of human activity in the area dating back to the neolithic period.</p><br>
<p>During Roman times, Allonby Bay was home to several Roman milefortlets, small castles which extended beyond the western end of Hadrian&#39;s Wall to defend against incursions across the Solway. Milefortlets 17 to 22 were along the shorline of the bay, and milefortlet 21 is the best-preserved.</p><br>
<p>Scottish coastal raids continued to be a problem well after the Romans left the area, however, and as late as the 1550s a man named William Osmotherly of Dubmill Point, near Salta, was taken for ransom in a Scottish raid. A system known as the "seawake" - a night watch along the coast - was created to defend against such incursions.</p><br>
<p>Eureka School, located at 412 East 6th Street in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, was constructed in 1921 as a public school for African Americans. The building was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of Eureka School was completed in September 1921, as a two-story brick building of about 27,000 ft2. Funding was provided by a $75,000 bond issue.</p><br>
<p>Eureka School was the only public school for African Americans in Hattiesburg from 1921 to 1949, serving grades 1 through 12.</p><br>
<p>After the public school closed in 1987, the building was used as an adult literacy center and storage facility for the Hattiesburg Public School District.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, a groundbreaking ceremony was held to begin restoration of Eureka School for use as an African American Heritage and Cultural Museum. Funding for restoration was provided by grants through the Mississippi Department of Archives and History.</p><br>
<p>On February 10, 2013, an EF-4 tornado passed through Hattiesburg. During the storm, the roof of Eureka School was severely damaged. By the end of August 2013, roof repairs had been completed.</p><br>
<p>Restoration of the buildings interior continued through 2014. Multi-phase renovations proceeded as funds became available. In January 2017, plumbing and electrical repairs and improvements were being scheduled, as well as interior painting, to complete the buildings renovation.</p><br>
<p>Schanzengraben is a moat and a section of the northwestern extension of the Seeuferanlage promenades that were built between 1881 and 1887 in Zürich, Switzerland. Schanzengraben is, among the adjoint Katz bastion at the Old Botanical Garden and the so-called Bauschänzli bulwark, one of the last remains of the Baroque fortifications of Zürich. The area of the moat is also an inner-city recreation area and, nevertheless, being officially a public park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Schanzengraben is one of the two present effluences of the Lake Zurich, located around 250 m south of the Limmat, and situated at the historical Alpenquai lake shore area, between Bürkliplatz and General-Guisan-Quai. It marks the border of the inner-city districts of Enge and City, and flows after about 1,150 m into the Sihl, at the western side of Zürich Hauptbahnhof where Gessnerallee and Usteristrasse cross the Gessner bridge. In fact, the moat was built outside of the historical core of the medieval town of Zürich, previously the Celtic-Roman Turicum, an area being then called Aussersihl, meaning that it was outside of the Baroque town wall at the Sihl river delta.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interests</h2><br>
<p>The lake shore area also serves as a marina associated to the Hafen Enge. A narrow alley was partially built at the level of the moat, but also crosses underneath the General-Guisan-Quai and four road bridges, namely Börsenstrasse, Stockerstrasse, Pelikanstrasse and Sihlstrasse, as well as four pedestrian bridges. In addition to the so-called Seeuferanlage and its neighboring General-Guisan-Quai, there is nearby the Arboretum and the Voliere Zürich, Other attractions include the historical Enge quarter, but mainly the Old Botanical Garden and its arboretum. There is also a unique public bath just for men (Männerbad) that also serves as an event restaurant. That section of the moat is also used as a ground for canoeing and a water stadion for canoe waterball. Probably the most natural part is situated nearby the mouth into the Sihl, where also some waterbirds and even fish found an inner-city refugium.</p><br>
<p>Alter Botanischer Garten - Schanzengraben 2011-08-12 15-52-34.jpgoriginal wall at the Old Botanical Garden</p><br>
<p>Schanzengraben - Männerbadi - Alter Botanischer Garten Zürich 2010-10-04 18-03-24.JPGMännerbad and water tower of 1742</p><br>
<p>Zürich - Schanzengraben IMG 0635.JPGnearby Sihlporte and Gessnerallee</p><br>
<p>Hundert Jahre Bilder aus der Stadt Zürich - Der Bahnhof der Nordbahngesellschaft in Zürich 1847.jpgformer mouth into the Limmat</p><br>
<p>Sihl - Schanzengraben 2010-09-23 14-16-06 ShiftN.jpgpresent mouth into the Sihl</p><br>
<p>As of December 2015, an association asked for a concession on an issue of water rights concession and a water protection legal permit for the installation of a water wheel purpose of power generation in the Schanzengraben moat. According to the application, at the weir near the indoor aquatic centre City estimated 3,000 liters/second drop a height of 75 cm and could supply electricity for about 20 households.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The moat system of medieval Zürich, consisting of the internal (i.e. inside the town wall) Fröschengraben, the outer Sihlgraben and the intermediate town wall was first mentioned in 1258 AD as niuwer graben (new moat), and in 1293 as graben ze Woloshofen Türlin, probably meaning the moat at the Wollishofen gate. The present Schanzengraben was still in construction around 1300. On the wall gardens, probably the area between Fröschengraben, Sihlgraben and Schanzengraben, a house is mentioned in 1346, and in 1537 the area of the outer trench was named Sprachhüsli, meaning a public toilet. Over the decades, the time accumulating sludge was periodically dug out by day laborers or in forced labor to process. The excavation was used to fertilize the fields of the Oetenbach nunnery.</p><br>
<p>Due to its former military defensive use, the moat has a widely octagonal zig-zag form, and was completed as part of the Baroque fortifications of Zürich around 1642 AD. Being once the moat outside the town wall, the bulwark "Zur Katz" was the former easterly gunnery bastion of the city fortification. In 1830 the moat was redesigned as the second effluence of Lake Zurich, then redirected to the Sihl, and therefore it survived the demolition of the Baroque fortification system.</p><br>
<p>Männerbad Schanzengraben was built in 1864, as a logical counterpart to the Frauenbad at the Stadthausquai, being the historical mens bath. During the industrialization, on the nodes banks settled various factories, and so Schanzengraben degenerated over time to an unattractive factory channel. First discussed in 1952, the reconstruction of the moat in a pedestrian promenade was not done until 1975, however, the construction works ended in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural Heritage</h2><br>
<p>The Schanzengraben moat is listed in the inventory of estimable gardens and grounds of local importance. It also is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as an object of regional relevance.</p><br>
<p>The Sterling Homestead is a historic house at 2225 Main Street in Stratford, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and two interior chimneys. A front-facing cross gable, decorated with a fan louver, stands centered above a Palladian window and the front entry, which is framed by sidelight windows and pilasters topped by an entablature. This house was probably built around 1790 for Abijah McEwen, and is most prominent for its association with John W. Sterling, a major local landowner and ship&#39;s captain engaged in the China trade, who purchased it in the mid-19th century. Sterling later built an elaborate mansion nearby, which now houses the Sterling House Community Center.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Castle Rock  is a 525 m mountain south-east of Coromandel, Waikato, New Zealand. It is used for rock climbing, with a number of high bolted routes.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Castle Rock is a prominent peak in the Coromandel Range that lies 8.4 km south-east of Coromandel town, north of a 532 m peak also called Motutere and south of an unnamed 573 m peak in the headwaters of the westward-flowing Pukewhau Stream.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is a volcanic plug made from remnants of solidified magma, the softer surrounding rock having been eroded away.</p><br>
<h2>Maori exploration</h2><br>
<p>Motutere means "floating island" a name bestowed by Ruamano, a descendent of Tama-te-kapua. Māori explorers of the area tended to travel along the hill ridges, so avoiding the thick vegetation in the sheltered valleys. Once dusk came they would seek shelter in order to avoid the patupaiarehe whom they believed inhabited these hills. The summit of Motutere would be eschewed after dark for this reason.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Werdinsel, also known as Limmatauen Werdhölzli, is an island and protected area in the Limmat in Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located in the former independent municipality of Höngg, today the river island is a popular recreation area, public park and bath in the Limmat, situated in the northernly suburban area of the Limmat Valley in Zürich. The island has a maximum length of about 550 m and a maximum width of about 125 m. Its highest point is about 403 m above sea level, a few metres above the river level at Zürich-Höngg. The minimum distance from the river bank is about 10 m, and the island is also separated by the artificial Giessen channel.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The so-called Flussbad Au-Höngg is one of the four public river baths situated in the Limmat within the city of Zürich. The entrance is free, but there is just a limited infrastructure. The Zürich tram line 17 (stop Tüffenwies) and the local Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich VBZ bus lines 80 and 89 (stop Winzerhalde) provide public transportation. The island also houses a restaurant and grill stations, family gardens, sand beaches and a forested area, the adjoint Limmat-Auen Werdhölzli protected area.</p><br>
<p>Since decades, the river island may called a conflict zone related to its public use; so claim the holders of dogs, FKK and LGBT enthusiasts, as well as families the area for their own purposes. Another problem is the intensive use, so on peak days, up to 4,500 visitors search for recreation, almost half a million a year, among them also people from neighboring cantons, and therefore causing additional road transport traffic. The city police, however, legally alloweds to move any naked people in public, and even outdoor sex is not illegal as long as no one raise indictment. The city police forces regularly patrols on the ground, and the municipal authorities started to assign beware of the naked signs in August 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Limmatauen</h2><br>
<p>Limmatauen Werdhölzli is a protected forest and river area, partially situated in the municipality of Oberengstringen, between the weir at the Höngg power plant, resulting in a more than 130 years old flood protection plan between two neighbored municipalities. Set under protection in 1945, the 1.8 km long section of the Limmat was renatured, what enhanced the biodiversity, and thus the quality of the river landscape. In cooperation with the Canton of Zurich, the municipalities of Oberengstringen and Zürich, that section of the river was renewed to September 2013. In addition to improved access to the Limmat and the hiking path towards the Fahr Abbey, the area was widened for pedestrians and cyclists. Orientation boards inform on the endemic flora and fauna, so the riparian zone may be crossed over a 320 m long wooden bridge those material consists of the urban forests, and allows to discover with open eyes and senses what lives and grows here. Along the ridge there are installed bat boxes in the trees. After nearly a year of construction, the project was officially presented to the public on 20 September 2013. The costs of 9.4 million Swiss Francs, are provided by the city and cantonal government, and some companies in collaboration with the World Wildlife Fund Switzerland, which claims the place as very important to our rivers and streams, so that they can create their very structure.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage</h2><br>
<p>A watermill of the Wettingen Abbey was first mentioned in 1365. The island is a historical site of water industrialization in Zürich, and also houses the former spinning mill Strickler, as well as the Kraftwerk Werd, one of the oldest power plants in Zürich. Werd is an old term used in German language for a river island, and Au is meaning a small forest at a body of water. The sites are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>As in Switzerland, both burials and cremations are permitted by law, the island respectively the river is also used for flow burials.</p><br>
<p>The Locust Street Historic District is a historic district in Florence, Alabama. Situated to the northwest of downtown, the residential neighborhood began to develop during Florences manufacturing-fueled economic boom of the late 1880s. Several large Victorian houses were built in the area around Thimbleton, an Italianate mansion built on Tuscaloosa Street in 1830. Other smaller Victorian cottages were also built, many by middle-class residents who moved to Florence looking for work or to take advantage of the citys schools.</p><br>
<p>The next wave of construction began in the 1920s, when two potassium nitrate plants and the construction of Wilson Dam drove the citys growth. Over 85 Craftsman-style bungalows (representing over half of the districts 168 contributing properties) were built. Other larger Craftsman houses were constructed, as well as the only Prairie-style house in the district. Other styles of homes were built in smaller numbers later in the century, including Tudor Revival, Minimalist Traditional, and Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
